affonso augusto da costa - 1899 - Faculdade de Direito da UNL
affonso augusto da costa - 1899 - Faculdade de Direito da UNL
affonso augusto da costa - 1899 - Faculdade de Direito da UNL
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E porisso, ein caso <strong>de</strong> conflicto, o tliburial <strong>de</strong>ve applicar a lei'<br />
f~u~dnmental, rejeitanilo, pawc a I~?jpotl~ese <strong>de</strong> q2ce se t~acta~~~<br />
a lei ordinaria diver'gente. A nlo ser assilll, o orgao constituinte<br />
ficari:t reduairlo a iusla sitoapzo <strong>de</strong> inferiori<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>,<br />
pe~ant~e n orgLo legislative, o qno mauifestalncuto ~oclund%rih<br />
numa invers3o <strong>de</strong> papeis.<br />
Se, polo contrario, a furicqBo constitczinte pertence ans<br />
orgLos i~orll~aos do po<strong>de</strong>t <strong>de</strong> legislar, a questlo tern <strong>de</strong> ser<br />
resolvirla iiegativamente, visto que, cnGo, a salvaguar<strong>da</strong> do<br />
pacto f~u~rlamental est& reallliente col~fja<strong>da</strong>, ao orgaaismo<br />
legislntivo, yue ll%o s6 o applicn e observa, accrescentando-lhe<br />
as manifesta~Ges (la pvopria acti<strong>da</strong>do; illas propiie<br />
e faz nlodificsqaes e en~enclas como, qualzclo e pela forma<br />
quo iltelllor llic parece. Enten<strong>de</strong>-se, em tal hypothese, gue,<br />
1150 po<strong>de</strong>ndo ser coilfo~me aos r~r<strong>da</strong>cleiros e sgos interesses<br />
(la 1lap5o n rigi<strong>da</strong> immntabili<strong>da</strong>cle <strong>de</strong> toclas as dispo~1yOIf~<br />
co~~stitncio~laos, forposo 6 adnzittir que algumas evoluta~ll<br />
more6 cla influencia p~ogrossiva o cowploxi~e <strong>da</strong> legislayio,<br />
entHo 6 jiz ili~possivel faze]. do po<strong>de</strong>r judicial o guards<br />
dos principius fun<strong>da</strong>mentaes. &m preseriqa <strong>de</strong> leis ordinarias<br />
quo inodifirl~~o~u esses pri~icipios, a obrigqiio nnica do juie<br />
6 appiici-Ins co111o leis oaotJas pe~feit.amentc vii~i(ias e ngo<br />
rejeiti-las conlo .viobpEe.s.<br />
Collucs<strong>da</strong> n qneatllo ueste terre.eno, v8-se qae o argu-<br />
iilc~lto 0111 favor do exallltr judicial ila coilstltuciollali<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>s leis, ileclnzido dos res~lltatlos qlie elle tcin <strong>da</strong>do na<br />
flr~~~escente republics l~orte-a~z~ericana 4, 11Lo p6<strong>de</strong> ser tido<br />
0111 lilllla cle couta sem que se conheya a organiza@o<br />
especial dd'esse povo e so f~qa 11111 cullfi'o~to corn o<br />
1 0s <strong>de</strong>fensores classicob <strong>da</strong> applicaqBo do systheina americano aospaises<br />
constitncionaes <strong>da</strong> Eoropa f~~rnmn o lrolga TERR~EGEN, Des lais<br />
c~nstitt~eio~ae~!~~, 1180, e o allel1150 ROBERTO YON XOHL, De~.eoho publ,ico<br />
rk ymttes y politioa, I, 1). 6li o segg. c I1zoP;iofzffirio politico nleilza?~,<br />
v." ley. Vej., ell1 seut~cio contrano, ~speclalillente BLUXTS~LI, ob~. e<br />
log. cit.<br />
:~&L~G~Es ENTRE O PODER JUDlClAL E OS OUTROS l'ODD>RES 53<br />
pbfo ou povos efil que se proponha estabelecer iclontioo<br />
$$-sthenla.<br />
Em to<strong>da</strong> a fe<strong>de</strong>raqzo dos Estaclos-Unidos <strong>da</strong> America<br />
dg Nurt6 ha di~ss FS~BC~CS <strong>de</strong> po<strong>de</strong>res - os locaes <strong>de</strong> oa<strong>da</strong><br />
$xi~&o <strong>de</strong> ter~~torio, m<strong>de</strong>penclentes na esphern <strong>da</strong>s suas<br />
1atWdbug5ef4,- e os centraes, qne servenl para ligar por<br />
~un laqo comlnum as soberanias particnlares.<br />
Qoaato so po<strong>de</strong>r jadlclal local, ollo estB orgaineai~o<br />
pof formas bflstaiite vhr~arlaq. Tjhz gera,l, porbm, ~~otam-fie :<br />
as just% <strong>de</strong> pcm (As quaes eorrespon<strong>de</strong>~il, nas ci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s, os<br />
~n~qor's cozi7-t$, corn juriibdlc~iio sobre <strong>de</strong>llctos ile pequena<br />
w$~rtallcia e sobre callsar ci-ris <strong>de</strong> esiguo valor; 0s tribltr~~,es<br />
rle condnclo e mz~nicipues, coln jur1sdicq"a d'appe1laqFio<br />
a respeito d'aquellas j~~sti~as 0 corn -jnrisdicgko <strong>de</strong> priineira<br />
;ihstm~c~a Bcerca cle causas rlvis e cntl~~l~aes nlais imporhates,<br />
os tvibunnes superLores, qae fanccioi~al~~ successivaniente<br />
ell1 ibveisas locah<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s e t6e111 junsdicqtio ong~naria<br />
Sobre as .causas$<strong>de</strong> 111aior relevo e jnrisd~rq?lo <strong>de</strong> appellapLo<br />
sobre as clecis6es dos tribunaes <strong>de</strong> coll<strong>da</strong>do e inanicipaes;<br />
e, ernfil~i, o tribz~?c.lzal suprenzo cle ca<strong>da</strong> Estndo, clue fancciolla<br />
acll~la <strong>de</strong> toctos os outros ttibunaes.<br />
Pxa nldllter 1clap6cs eiltro os Estados el especialmente,<br />
para <strong>de</strong>bldir corn a~lctori<strong>da</strong>rle as qaehiies ~11% eeutre elles<br />
s~~rgissem, a justiqa local seria sempre insnBicicnte. Imaginoh-se,<br />
pols, urn systlieil~a judiciario fe<strong>de</strong>ral, que tivesse a<br />
seu cargo applicar as leis co~lstitac~onaos <strong>da</strong> U~litio e to<strong>da</strong>s<br />
as mds qlle o congesso votnssc coiil npplicngBo no paia<br />
mteiro. A con-i-enq,io <strong>de</strong> Phila<strong>de</strong>lphia, approvando em 1787<br />
a eonstitmp%o, yue, coin illultas emen<strong>da</strong>s, ain<strong>da</strong> hoje rege os<br />
Estaiioq-Un~dos, colzcordou na llccesst<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> urn orgenismo<br />
judicial superior que, pniranclo sobre os dos Estados, interprktasse<br />
e applicasse as leis fe<strong>de</strong>raes. E porisso o art. 3.0<br />
$a secc5o 1 ,a <strong>da</strong> constit~ilqBo iloterrliitlou cpe o podcr<br />
judiclario dos Estados-nmdos ficana coilfiado a urn fribz~gzul<br />
sz~pre~lzo e sos tl-ibzcuaes ~?+ertores qae o congesso julgasse<br />
necessanos. Em harmonla conl esta provlclencia, logo em