Textos de Apoio (pdf)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Case 2: Panamax container ship In this case, a typical Panamax container ship with a container capacity of up to 5000 TEU might be specified with an eight-cylinder Wärtsilä RT-flex82C main engine. However, if a nine-cylinder engine is employed instead, the daily fuel consumption can be reduced by some two per cent. In the engine/propeller layout for this ship as shown in figure 8, the CMCR points for the two alternative engines are on the same rating line (α = 0.2) through a common design point for the same ship service speed (knots). The calculation of annual fuel costs given in table 4 is based on 6000 hours running with heavy fuel oil costing US$ 500 per tonne. The resulting payback time for the extra cost associated with the additional engine cylinder is estimated to be between four and seven years depending on the bunker price of US$ 600–400 per tonne respectively (Fig. 9). The calculations of the payback are based on an interest rate of eight per cent. Table 3: Typical ship parameters for a Panamax container ship Length overall: about 295 m Beam: 32.2 m Design draught: 12 m Scantling draught: 13.5 m Sea margin: 15 % Engine service load: 90 % Table 4: Main engine options Alternative engines: 8RT-flex82C 9RT-flex82C Cylinder bore, mm: 820 820 Piston stroke, mm: 2646 2646 Stroke/bore ratio: 3.2:1 3.2:1 MCR, kW / rpm: 36,160/102 40,680/102 CMCR, kW / rpm: 36,160/102 35,480/97.5 BMEP at CMCR, bar: 19.0 17.5 CSR at 90% CMCR, kW / rpm: 32,544/98.5 32,250/94.3 BSFC at CMCR, g/kWh: – 100% load: 169.0 166.6 – 90% load: 166.5 164.6 Daily fuel consumption, tonnes/day: – ISO fuel, LCV 42.7 MJ/kg: 130.0 127.4 – LCV 40.5 MJ/kg: 137.1 134.3 – As percentage, %: 100 98 – 2.0% Annual fuel costs, US$: 17,138,000 16,790,000 Fuel saving, US$: 0 – 348,000 Engine length, mm: 14,055 16,500 Engine mass, tonnes: 1020 1140 — 6 — © Wärtsilä Corporation, June 2008
Case 2: Panamax container ship Engine power, kW 42,000 40,000 Fig. 8: Engine/propeller layouts for a typical Panamax container ship with a derated nine-cylinder RT-flex82C engine compared with an eightcylinder engine at the full MCR power and speed. [08#062] 38,000 36,000 34,000 32,000 9RT-flex82C Constant ship speed α = 0.2 8RT-flex82C CSR 32,250 kW 94.3 rpm CMCR 35,850 kW 97.5 rpm CSR 32,544 kW 98.5 rpm Design point CMCR = R1+ 36,160 kW, 102 rpm 85 90 95 100 105 Engine speed, rpm Millions US$ 4.0 3.0 Bunker price, HFO: $600/tonne $500/tonne $400/tonne Fig. 9: Variation of payback times from fuel savings according to bunker costs for the derated engine with an extra cylinder for a typical Panamax container ship. [08#145] 2.0 1.0 0 Investment approx. ($) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Years — 7 — © Wärtsilä Corporation, June 2008
Page 1:
Hidrodinâmica e Propulsão Engenha
Page 4 and 5:
ii ÍNDICE 3.3.2 Coeficiente de car
Page 6 and 7:
iv LISTA DE FIGURAS 3.8 Geometria d
Page 8 and 9:
vi LISTA DE TABELAS
Page 10 and 11:
2 CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUÇÃO Figura
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
6 CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUÇÃO Tipo de
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
12 CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUÇÃO
Page 22 and 23:
14 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Resolv
Page 24 and 25:
16 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Força
Page 26 and 27:
18 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Se int
Page 28 and 29:
20 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Nos es
Page 30 and 31:
22 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Figura
Page 32 and 33:
24 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA - se V
Page 34 and 35:
26 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Figura
Page 36 and 37:
28 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA - o m
Page 38 and 39:
30 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA - dete
Page 40 and 41:
32 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA Resist
Page 42 and 43:
34 CAPÍTULO 2. RESISTÊNCIA a prec
Page 44 and 45:
36 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO - um hé
Page 46 and 47:
38 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO Figura 3
Page 48 and 49:
40 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO são con
Page 50 and 51:
42 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO - e a ra
Page 52 and 53:
44 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO Por fim,
Page 54 and 55:
46 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO - a velo
Page 56 and 57:
48 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO Série N
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
52 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO - veloci
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
60 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO No entan
Page 70 and 71:
62 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO de Reyno
Page 72 and 73:
64 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO Ou seja,
Page 74 and 75:
66 CAPÍTULO 3. PROPULSÃO 3.8.3 Ex
Page 76 and 77:
68 CAPÍTULO 4. INSTALAÇÕES PROPU
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Índice Remissivo Auto-propulsão,
Page 94 and 95:
86 ÍNDICE REMISSIVO
Page 96 and 97:
88 APÊNDICE A. PREVISÃO BASEADA N
Page 98 and 99:
ITTC - Recommended Procedures Perfo
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
120 APÊNDICE A. PREVISÃO BASEADA
Page 130 and 131:
122 APÊNDICE B. PROVAS DE VELOCIDA
Page 132 and 133:
ITTC - Recommended 7.5-04 -01-01.1
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141: ITTC - Recommended 7.5-04 -01-01.1
Page 142 and 143: 134 APÊNDICE C. CONDIÇÕES DAS PR
Page 144 and 145: ITTC -Recommended Procedures Full S
Page 150 and 151: 142 APÊNDICE D. SELECÇÃO DE MOTO
Page 153 and 154: Basic Principles of Ship Propulsion
Page 155 and 156: Indication of a ship’s size Displ
Page 157 and 158: For bulkers and tankers, this coeff
Page 159 and 160: kW 8,000 Propulsion power "Wave wal
Page 161 and 162: manoeuvrability. For ordinary ships
Page 163 and 164: As can be seen, the propulsive effi
Page 165 and 166: As an example for an 80,000 dwt cru
Page 167 and 168: 15.0 knots 115% power B Power B´ 1
Page 169 and 170: Engine shaft power, % A 110 100 90
Page 171 and 172: Power Engine margin (10% of MP) Sea
Page 173 and 174: peller curve (line 1) - the layout
Page 175 and 176: The recommended use of a relatively
Page 177 and 178: drawn in Fig. 22b. Point M is found
Page 179 and 180: charger etc. according to a propell
Page 182 and 183: 174 APÊNDICE D. SELECÇÃO DE MOTO
Page 184 and 185: 176 APÊNDICE E. DERATING
Page 186 and 187: Engine power, %R1 100 R1 R1+ Engine
Page 188 and 189: Case 1: Suezmax tanker & Capesize b
Page 192 and 193: Case 3: Post-Panamax container ship
Page 194 and 195: Case 4: Derating without adding an
show all

Textos de Apoio (pdf)

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?