Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

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Table 12—Field Artillery Transport Recommended by the Westervelt Board, 1919 Type Practical Ideal Mechanical transport is prime mover of the future. Experiments should be made with tractors, self-propelled mounts, and wheeled trailers. 12 mph speed sufficient. Mechanical transport will remove weight limit imposed by capacity of six-horse team. Light Field Artillery (Division) Guns and Howitzers Six regiments with 75-mm. guns should be motorized immediately (tractor); remainder horsed. The 155-mm. howitzers should be tractor-drawn. Horses should be displaced gradually by tractors only after tractor demonstrates its superiority. See above. Maximum speed 8 mph Medium Field Artillery (Corps) Guns and Howitzers All corps guns and howitzers should be tractor-drawn. See above. Maximum speed 4 mph. Heavy Field Artillery Guns and Howitzers All artillery of this type should be tractor-drawn. See above. Continue experiments with caterpillar mounts. Weapons of Greater Power Guns and Howitzers All artillery of this type should be tractor-drawn. Other Artillery Infantry Accompanying Gun Manpower In trucks on march Manpower in battle Pack Pack Pack
BETWEEN THE WARS 133 sped up mobilization), and simplified transport overseas. The Hero board, however, had supported the retention of the horse for light artillery, at least for the time being. The Chief of Field Artillery, General Snow, concurred, stating “it cannot be claimed at the moment that we have reached the point where horse-drawn light guns can be discarded, but it is believed at the present rate of progress that point will soon be reached.” 13 The Westervelt board also recommended a comprehensive program for mechanizing field artillery and for developing self-propelled weapons and ammunition and cargo carriers for them. It rated the caterpillar tractor to be superior to the horse in mobility and endurance, which proved exponentially significant as the weight and size of the weapons increased. Much less time was needed to set up self-propelled weapons for firing. This advantage was important for large-caliber guns and howitzers because, previously, preparations for firing had often taken several hours. 14 During the 1920s, progress toward motorization and mechanization was slow, although the development of wheeled cross-country motor vehicles was somewhat more successful than that of tractors and self-propelled weapons. Satisfactory tractors for divisional, corps, and army artil lery were designed, but only samples were constructed. Work on developing special tractors for field artillery ceased in 1924 because of the lack of money and because the newer commercial tractors were able to fill mili tary needs. By 1928, the Army was depending solely upon commer cial tractors. 15 The Army carried out the development of wheeled cross-country vehicles primarily at the initiation of the field artillery and infantry. The field artillery wanted an ammunition and cargo truck to replace those used in World War I. The greatest problems with regard to the development of such equip ment were the lack of money for design and purchase or construction of test vehicles and an initial lack of commercial interest. By 1924, however, commercial manufac turers had begun to see an ever-expanding demand for cross-country vehicles, an idea the Army encouraged. In 1927, the 11th Field Artillery Brigade in Hawaii had been reorganized as a completely motorized unit with one 155-mm. howitzer regiment and two 75-mm. gun regiments, but the general policy for divisional artillery was still that it be horse-drawn. In addition to the brigade, some school troops at Fort Sill were motorized. The following year, 34 percent of the Regular Army field artillery units were motorized, 57 per cent were horse-drawn, and 7 percent used pack animals. 16 In the area of self-propelled artillery, the Ordnance Department developed thirty field artillery and anti aircraft artillery mounts, mostly tracked, between 1918 and 1922, with the guns and howitzers moun ted on a variety of chassis. Further 13 Ibid., pp. 51–52, FA School files; War Department Annual Reports, 1919, 1:5228–338 (quoted words). 14 Rpt, Westervelt Board, 5 May 1919, pp. 24–59, FA School files; Cary, “Motor Vehicles,” Ph.D. diss., pp. 128–29. 15 Cary, “Motor Vehicles,” Ph.D. diss., pp. 128–29. 16 Ibid., pp. 182–84; Field Artillery School, Development of Field Artillery Materiel, p. 67; “Schofield Barracks and the Hawaiian Division,” Infantry Journal, November 1927, pp. 447–55; Annual Rpts, CofFA, FY1926, p. 86, and FY1929, pp. 31, 35, file 319.12, boxes 1342 and 1337, Entry 37g, RG 407, NARA.
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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190 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
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CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
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vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
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vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
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vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
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CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
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vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
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vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
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vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
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Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
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Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
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aPPendiX Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia 15
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Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

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