Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

More documents

Recommendations

Info

310 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of field arTillery Field artillery doctrine in the 1970s and 1980s stressed warfare on the European battlefield, and during that time, considerable effort was expended to improve materiel, doctrine, and training to meet the perceived Soviet threat. Developments in communications, ammunition, and automation systems were designed to give the field artillery the ability to perform the traditional role of supporting the maneu ver forces by moving, shoot ing, and com municating con tinuously despite the opposition of a sophisti cated enemy. AirLand Battle doctrine emphasized the role of fire support in the deep attack—the requirement to deliver fire in depth, to support deep strikes by maneuver formation, and to coordinate both these efforts to win the battle. By the end of the eighties, however, the large disparity in numbers and capabilities of various conven tional artillery systems between the Soviet bloc and NATO continued to disturb Army leaders, and once the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty took effect in 1988, the problem became exacerbated. With a greater reliance to be placed on conven tional forces, the disadvantages of the United States and NATO in fire support were even more pronounced.
CHAPTER 13 Toward a New Century The decade of the 1990s ushered in myriad regional threats to the security of the United States. By May 1991, the INF Treaty had contained the nuclear threat of the superpowers, and the official disintegration of the Warsaw Pact in July and the Soviet Union in December reduced the number of superpowers to one—the United States. Army commanders realized that Europe would not necessarily be the only battlefield, and they became increasingly concerned about other likely trouble spots, such as the Middle East and Latin America. The first sign of the new challenges to come had occurred in October 1983 in Grenada. Field artillery played only a minor role in Operation ur G e n t Fu r y, chiefly because planners did not consider enemy artillery a threat and because they wanted to keep the deployed force light. Also, the desire to limit collateral damage and civilian casualties, requiring positive identification of a hostile enemy force, mitigated the use of indirect fire. Operations there did, however, point out the need for more planning at the joint level. 1 The next involvement in Latin America came in 1990 during Operation Ju s t Ca u s e in Panama. Here too the mission, enemy, terrain, troops, and time available also restricted artillery fire, although the presence of field artillery had a strong deterrent effect. For example, artillery in the 7th Infantry Division fired intermittently, discouraging sniper attacks, and similar positions at roadblocks and checkpoints enhanced security. 2 Operation De s e r t st o r m Full-scale warfare reappeared in early 1991 with the offensive in the Persian Gulf region against the Iraqi Army, which validated the U.S. Army’s twenty-year effort to reform and modernize its forces. To be sure, for Operation De s e r t st o r m, the United States and its coalition partners possessed air superiority; had a six-month period to build up their formations during Operation De s e r t sh i e l D; enjoyed terrain and weather excellent for conventional fighting; and, most importantly, were highly trained and technologically sophisticated compared to the unmotivated, undisciplined, poorly trained and equipped Iraqi soldiers. Both sides employed a 1 Scott R. McMichael, “Urgent Fury,” Field Artillery Journal, March-April 1985, pp. 8–13. 2 Joseph E. DeFrancisco, “Bayonet Artillery in Operation Just Cause,” Field Artillery, June 1990, pp. 6–11; Robert S. Ballagh, Jr., “Red Devil Redlegs,” ibid., October 1990, pp. 40–42.
Page 1:
The Organizational History of Field
Page 4 and 5:
Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
Page 6 and 7:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
Page 9:
FOREWORD The Organizational History
Page 12 and 13:
used to defend fixed positions. Thi
Page 15 and 16:
CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
Page 19 and 20:
Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
Page 21:
Field Artillery 1775-2003
Page 24 and 25:
4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
Page 90 and 91:
Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
Page 92 and 93:
Page 95 and 96:
CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
Page 97 and 98:
diverging missiOns tactics for infa
Page 99 and 100:
diverging missiOns possibili ties o
Page 101 and 102:
diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
Page 103 and 104:
diverging missiOns of War William C
Page 105 and 106:
diverging missiOns high-angle fire
Page 107 and 108:
Table 10—Artillery Organization,
Page 109 and 110:
diverging missiOns Artillery in act
Page 111 and 112:
diverging missiOns Artillery in act
Page 113:
diverging missiOns Although neglect
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
Page 120 and 121:
100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
Page 152 and 153:
Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
Page 179 and 180:
wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
Page 181 and 182:
wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
Page 183 and 184:
wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
Page 185 and 186:
wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
Page 187 and 188:
wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
Page 189 and 190:
wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
Page 191 and 192:
wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
Page 193 and 194:
wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
Page 195 and 196:
Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
Page 197 and 198:
wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
Page 199 and 200:
wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
Page 201 and 202:
wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
Page 203 and 204:
wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
Page 205 and 206:
wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
Page 207:
wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 229 and 230:
CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
Page 231 and 232:
The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
Page 233 and 234:
The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
Page 235 and 236:
The nUclear arena Corporal missile
Page 237 and 238:
The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
Page 239 and 240:
The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
Page 241 and 242:
The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
Page 243 and 244:
The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
Page 245 and 246:
The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
Page 247 and 248:
The nUclear arena his proposal the
Page 249 and 250:
The nUclear arena Little John rocke
Page 251 and 252:
The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
Page 253 and 254:
The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
Page 255 and 256:
The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
Page 257 and 258:
The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
Page 259 and 260:
The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
Page 261 and 262:
Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
Page 263 and 264:
CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
Page 265 and 266:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
Page 267 and 268:
Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
Page 269 and 270:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
Page 271 and 272:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
Page 273 and 274:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
Page 275 and 276:
Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
Page 277 and 278:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
Page 279 and 280: The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
Page 281 and 282: The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
Page 283 and 284: The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
Page 285 and 286: The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
Page 287 and 288: CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
Page 289 and 290: vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
Page 291 and 292: vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
Page 293 and 294: vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
Page 295 and 296: vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
Page 297 and 298: CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
Page 299 and 300: vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
Page 301 and 302: vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
Page 303: vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
Page 306 and 307: 286 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
Page 338 and 339: Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
Page 345 and 346: Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
Page 347: aPPendiX Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia 15
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
show all

Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?