Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht & Menzel, depicting U.S. infantrymen standing in ranks as the American artillery wreaks havoc on the Mexican lines; below, The Death of Major Ringgold by Kellogg & Taylor
eOrganizing The arm At the outbreak of the Mexican War, Congress had authorized an increase in the strength of the Army. On 13 May 1846, it raised the number of privates in each artillery company from forty-two to any number that was needed up to a maximum of one hundred; however, when a situation dictated that the excess strength was no longer necessary, the number was to be reduced to sixty-four. 76 The four field batteries were each to have six cannon (four 6-pounders and two 12-pounder howitzers or six guns of the same caliber) and associated equipment. In June, however, Taylor decided to reorganize the field batteries with four cannon rather than six in order to increase the number of light units, and throughout most of the war, the field batteries each operated with four field pieces. 77 On the same day that Congress increased the strength of the Regular Army, it called for up to 50,000 volunteers for twelve months, appropriated ten million dollars for the war effort, and made provisions for calling up the militia for six-month periods. There was no authorized increase in the number of Regular Army units, however. At this juncture, the Army consisted of eight infantry regiments, two dragoon regiments, and four artillery regiments with approximately 5,300 officers and men, which was about 40 percent understrength. 78 On 11 February 1847, Congress authorized the Regiment of Voltigeurs and Foot Riflemen, which included a battery of mountain howitzers and rockets manned by Ordnance Department troops. This battery was not linked with the riflemen tactically, nor were the rockets and howitzers used in a mutually supporting role. The battery employed both Congreve rockets and models improved from the Congreve by William Hale. The advent of rifled cannon, which were superior in range and accuracy, rendered the rockets obsolete soon after war. 79 Finally, on 3 March 1847, Congress added three companies to each artillery regiment. One of these companies was to be organized as light artillery, making a total of eight light batteries in the Regular Army. Of the newly authorized light batteries, one had already been serving as such since July 1846 and one was not organized in time to fight in the war. 80 76 Callan, comp., Military Laws, p. 369. 77 Benét, Collection of Annual Reports, 2:99, 101, 103, 158; Lester R. Dillon, Jr., American Artillery in the Mexican War, 1846–1847 (Austin, Tex.: Presidial Press, 1975), pp. 22, 23. 78 Callan, comp., Military Laws, pp. 367–68; Ganoe, History, p. 196. 79 Callan, comp., Military Laws, pp. 379–82; Benét, Collection of Annual Reports, 2:148, 156; WD GO 4, 12 Feb 1847. Half the Regiment of Voltigeurs and Foot Riflemen was to be mounted, the other half on foot. Each horseman was paired with a foot soldier who was to get up behind him for rapid movement. The regiment was never used in this manner, and the Voltiguers and Foot Riflemen became a regiment of foot riflemen, armed with the same rifle as the mounted riflemen. See John K. Mahon and Romana Danysh, Infantry (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army, 1972), p. 17. The British had introduced the Congreve rocket (named for an Englishman who had made numerous improve ments in rockets in the early eighteenth century) to American troops at the battle of Lundy’s Lane in 1814. The rocket was supposed to fill the gap between the musket and the 12-pounder field gun. For additional information, see Frank H. Winter, The First Golden Age of Rocketry (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990). 80 Callan, comp., Military Laws, pp. 383–87; WD GO 9, 10 Mar 1847; WD GO 16, 15 Apr 1847; Army of Occupation SO 102, 12 Jul 1846, in Messages of the President on the Mexican War, p. 531. 43
Page 1:
The Organizational History of Field
Page 4 and 5:
Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
Page 6 and 7:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
Page 9:
FOREWORD The Organizational History
Page 12 and 13: used to defend fixed positions. Thi
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
Page 17 and 18: Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
Page 19 and 20: Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
Page 21: Field Artillery 1775-2003
Page 24 and 25: 4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
Page 30 and 31: 10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
Page 48 and 49: Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
Page 72 and 73: Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
Page 88 and 89: Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
Page 90 and 91: Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
Page 97 and 98: diverging missiOns tactics for infa
Page 99 and 100: diverging missiOns possibili ties o
Page 101 and 102: diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
Page 103 and 104: diverging missiOns of War William C
Page 105 and 106: diverging missiOns high-angle fire
Page 107 and 108: Table 10—Artillery Organization,
Page 109 and 110: diverging missiOns Artillery in act
Page 111 and 112: diverging missiOns Artillery in act
Page 113:
diverging missiOns Although neglect
Page 116 and 117:
96 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
Page 118 and 119:
Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
Page 120 and 121:
100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
Page 152 and 153:
Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
Page 179 and 180:
wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
Page 181 and 182:
wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
Page 183 and 184:
wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
Page 185 and 186:
wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
Page 187 and 188:
wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
Page 189 and 190:
wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
Page 191 and 192:
wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
Page 193 and 194:
wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
Page 195 and 196:
Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
Page 197 and 198:
wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
Page 199 and 200:
wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
Page 201 and 202:
wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
Page 203 and 204:
wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
Page 205 and 206:
wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
Page 207:
wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 229 and 230:
CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
Page 231 and 232:
The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
Page 233 and 234:
The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
Page 235 and 236:
The nUclear arena Corporal missile
Page 237 and 238:
The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
Page 239 and 240:
The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
Page 241 and 242:
The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
Page 243 and 244:
The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
Page 245 and 246:
The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
Page 247 and 248:
The nUclear arena his proposal the
Page 249 and 250:
The nUclear arena Little John rocke
Page 251 and 252:
The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
Page 253 and 254:
The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
Page 255 and 256:
The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
Page 257 and 258:
The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
Page 259 and 260:
The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
Page 261 and 262:
Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
Page 263 and 264:
CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
Page 265 and 266:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
Page 267 and 268:
Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
Page 269 and 270:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
Page 271 and 272:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
Page 273 and 274:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
Page 275 and 276:
Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
Page 277 and 278:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
Page 279 and 280:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
Page 281 and 282:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
Page 283 and 284:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
Page 285 and 286:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
Page 287 and 288:
CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
Page 289 and 290:
vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
Page 291 and 292:
vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
Page 293 and 294:
vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
Page 295 and 296:
vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
Page 297 and 298:
CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
Page 299 and 300:
vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
Page 301 and 302:
vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
Page 303:
vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 345 and 346:
Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
Page 347:
aPPendiX Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia 15
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
show all

Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?