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388 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of field arTillery RCTs. See Regimental combat teams. Recoil, 12, 53, 78, 79, 81, 85, 95, 96, 99, 243, 322 Reconnaissance, 107, 108–09, 121, 149, 184– 85, 219, 265, 280, 287, 312. See also Aerial observation; Aerial photography; Forward observers; Ground observation; Observation; Photo interpretation. Reconnaissance squadron, 270, 274, 299, 314 Redstone. See under Missiles. Redstone Arsenal, Ala., 152, 212n9, 216, 218, 263 Regimental Combat Teams (RCTs), 180, 253 5th, 196, 200n25 14th, 196 Registration, registration points, 122, 146n46, 151, 152, 206, 263 Regular Army, 22, 34, 56, 73, 104, 105, 145, 267 and artillery, 23, 30, 40, 47, 75 Calhoun and, 32 and coast artillery, 86, 107, 115 and Combat Arms Regimental System, 257 and corps artillery units, 296 and division reorganizations, 148, 192, 250, 264, 297, 307 expansion of, 25, 32, 43, 53, 106–07, 109 and field artillery, 40, 41, 43, 46, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 86, 107, 109–10, 126, 133, 135, 136, 144, 147, 192, 195, 197, 240, 317 and garrison artillery, 58 General Staff recommendation for, 125 harbor defense artillery, 116 infantry howitzer companies, 162 and motorization, 133, 135, 136 and National Defense Act of 1916, 106–07 and National Defense Act of 1920, 126 promotions and transfers to Volunteers, 60 redesignation of artillery regiments as air defense or field, 294 rotation policy, 268 strength, 83n26, 90, 126 Remotely piloted vehicle. See Unmanned aerial vehicle. Reorganization of 1821, 17, 32, 34, 35, 37 Reorganization of the Airborne Division (ROTAD), 249–50 Reorganization of the Current Armored Division (ROCAD), 249–50, 253 Reorganization of the Current Infantry Division (ROCID), 250–52, 259 Reorganization Objective Army Divisions (ROAD), 259–60 and air assault division, 264–66 and airborne division, 259 and armored division, 259 and brigades, 260 concept tested in Vietnam, 270 and infantry division, 258–59 and mechanized division, 259 organization of, 270 as reflection of “flexible response,” 258 Regular Army divisions reorganized, 267 tests of, 260 Reorganization Objective Division, Army, Corps, 1965–1970 (RODAC–70), 260–61 Republic of Korea (ROK) Army, 197, 198, 203n30, 228, 240n78, 292, 308. See also Korean Augmentation to the United States Army; Korean War. First ROK Army, 221 I ROK Corps, 200, 205 II ROK Corps, 200 Republic of Vietnam. See Vietnam. Research and Development, Office of Scientific, 209 Reserve commissions, 107 Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), 107 Reserve system under National Defense Act of 1916, 110 Revolutionary War, 3–16 artillery organization in, 3–10, 15–16 cannon, 10–11 northern campaigns, 13 southern campaigns, 13–15 tactics, 11–12, 14 Yorktown, 14–15 Rhode Island artillery, 6, 7 Richmond Howitzers, 137 Ridgway, General Matthew B., 197, 245 Rifled artillery, 37, 43, 49, 50 advantages of, 69, 71, 82 carriages of, 71 converted smoothbores, 51 and counterbattery fire, 71 and James elongated projectile, 53 makes masonry forts obsolete, 73, 77 problems with, 53, 78 Rifles, riflemen (infantry) in defense of firebases, 273 and employment of artillery, 47, 69, 72– 73, 82 ratio of artillery pieces to, 104, 107, 108 units, 20, 24, 25, 43, 47, 167, 182, 221 Ringgold, Bvt. Maj. Samuel, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 Rivardi, Maj. John Jacob, 20 Riverine artillery (Vietnam), 278–79
indeX ROAD. See Reorganization Objective Army Divisions. ROCAD. See Reorganization of the Current Armored Division. Rochefontaine, Lt. Col. Stephen, 20 ROCID. See Reorganization of the Current Infantry Division. Rock Island, Ill., 129 Rock Island Arsenal, 129, 139 Rockets, 49n12, 173–76, 195, 222, 232, 235, 245, 261, 263, 271, 282, 290, 291, 296. See also Aerial rocket artillery; Missiles. 2.36-inch (bazooka), 159, 160, 163 2.75-inch, 264, 265, 276, 277 4.5-inch, 173, 174, 175, 194, 203n30 318-mm. (Little John), 228–30, 234, 259, 264, 265–66 762-mm. (Honest John), 212–14, 229 in airborne division, 250, 259, 292 in armored division, 253, 292 atomic warhead, 212, 215 battalions, 213, 216, 220, 221, 228, 237, 246, 267, 292 in brigade, 254 deployment of, 216, 226, 244 and Field Artillery Digital Automatic Computer, 263 in infantry division, 251, 252, 258, 267, 292 Marine Corps adopts, 213 mobility of, 212, 230 and National Guard, 260 operation of, 212 organization of, 213, 215–16, 228, 244, 246 range of, 212, 228, 262 replacement of, 228, 234, 235, 236, 237, 292 with Southern European Task Force, 220 and U.S. Army Missile Commands, 220, 221 aerial, 264, 265, 270, 276, 281, 293–94 aircraft mounted, 264, 265 Army interest in, 209 Congreve, 43 development of, 209–11 in Europe, 173, 174, 176 extended range, 314 flaws of, 174 high-mobility artillery rocket system (HIMARS), 320 multiple-launch rocket system (MLRS), 240, 242, 292, 317 389 development of, 290–91 and fire direction system, 298 and Operation De s e r t st o r m, 312, 313, 314 and Operation ir a q i Fr e e D o m, 322 organization, 309, 319 uses of, 291 objectives of, 214 organization of, 214–15, 220, 221, 248, 249 in Pacific, 173 probable error of, 176 as signal device, 108, 122 V–2, 210 Vanguard, 219 RODAC–70. See Reorganization Objective Division, Army, Corps, 1965–1970. Rodman, 1st Lt. Thomas J., 50 Roer River, 173 ROK. See Republic of Korea (ROK) Army. Root, Elihu and artillery increases, 91 and militia reorganization, 104 reforms of, 90–92, 101 and Regular Army, 104 and volunteers, 104 Rosecrans, Maj. Gen. William, 62–63 ROTAD. See Reorganization of the Airborne Division. Rotation policy, 201, 208 ROTC. See Reserve Officer Training Corps. Royal Academy of Artillery, 11 Royal Regiment of Artillery, 3, 4 Russia, 69, 96, 118, 262 Russo-Japanese War, 99, 101 Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), 84, 90, 96 Rwanda, 317 Ryukyus campaign, 176n30 SACEUR. See Supreme Allied Commander, Europe. SADARM. See Ammunition, Search and destroy armor munitions. Saigon, Vietnam, 281 SALT. See Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. Santiago, Cuba, 88 Sappers, 20 Saumur, France, 118 Savage, Capt. Joseph, 19 Schneider. See Guns, 75-mm., French; Howitzers, 155-mm. Schofield, Maj. Gen. John M., 76, 83, 85
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
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diverging missiOns of War William C
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diverging missiOns high-angle fire
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Table 10—Artillery Organization,
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Although neglect
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Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
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100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
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Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
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Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
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CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
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wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
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wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
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wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
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wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
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wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
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wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
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wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
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wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
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Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
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wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
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wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
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wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
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CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
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vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
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vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
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vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
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CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
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vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
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vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
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vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
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Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
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Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
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aPPendiX Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia 15
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