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384 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of field arTillery Missiles—Continued development of, 189, 207, 209–10, 211, 242 guided, 210n4 Helicopter-launched fire and forget missile system (HELLFIRE), 316 Hermes project, 210 Joint Chiefs on development of, 211, 224 Jupiter, 218, 219. See also Redstone. Jupiter-C, 219, 220. See also Redstone. Lacrosse, 222–26, 234 circular error probable, 224 declared obsolete, 226 deployed, 225 development, 222–24, 250 and Marine Corps, 222, 223, 225, 230n51 missions of, 222–23, 230n51 and Mod I system, 224–25 nuclear, 225 organization of, 225–26 problems with, 224, 225 range, 224, 225 reclassified, 224 solid propellant, 224 specifications of, 223–24 Lance, 226, 234–38, 239 and Corps 86, 306 deployment, 236, 237, 240 development, 234 dual capability of, 236 extended-range Lance (XRL), 234–35 mobility, 234 nonnuclear, 236 nuclear, 235, 236, 242 organization of, 236, 237, 240, 296 prepackaged liquid fuel, 234 range, 236 replacement, 237–38, 240, 242 to replace 175-mm. gun, 295 to replace Honest John, 228, 234, 292 to replace Lacrosse, 234 to replace Little John, 234 to replace Sergeant, 228, 234–35 Nike project, 210 objectives of, 214 Patriot, 237 Pershing, 230–34, 242 deployment of, 231–32 as deterrent, 238 equipment of, 232–33 missions, 232 model Ia (tracked to wheeled), 232– 33, 240 under NATO’s Central Army Group, 232 nuclear warhead, 231 organization, 231, 232, 233–34 QRA mission of, 232, 234 range, 231 replaces Redstone, 217, 230, 231 under Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, 232, 240 “shoot ’n scoot,” 231 solid propellant, 217, 230, 231 specifications of, 230–31 Pershing II, 238–40 circular error probable, 239n74 and cruise missile, 239 deployment of, 240 and earth-penetrating warhead, 239 eliminated under INF Treaty, 240 range, 238, 240 under Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, 238, 240 “surgical strike,” 238 Polaris, 218, 230 Private, 214 Redstone, 216–20. See also Jupiter, Jupiter-C. activated, 217 and field artillery missile group, 217, 221 inertial guidance system, 216 influence on missile technology, 218 and Jupiter, 218 liquid fuel, 216, 230, 234 and Mercury program, 220 missions of, 216–17 modified as Jupiter-C, 219 nuclear, 216 organization, 217 range, 216, 218 replaced by Pershing, 230, 231 Sergeant, 226–28 and automation, 228 deployment, 226, 228 flaws, 226–27 inertial guidance system, 227 nuclear, 216, 227 objectives, 227 organization of, 226, 227–28 production schedule and, 226–27 replaces Corporal, 214 replaces Lacrosse, 226 replaced by Lance, 228, 234–35, 237 solid propellant, 226, 227
indeX and U.S. Army Missile Commands, 221 Tomahawk. See cruise. Thor, 218, 219n23 MLRS. See Rockets, multiple-launch rocket system. Modern Mobile Army, 1965–1970 (MOMAR), 257–58 Monmouth, battle of, 13 Monterey, battle of, 44 Moore, Capt. Dan T., 102, 103 Mordecai, Maj. Alfred, 37, 49, 50 Morgan, Capt. George, 185 Moritzers, 248, 252, 257 Morrill Act (1862), 107 Mortars, 10, 146, 192, 250, 251, 252, 282, 322. See also Ammunition. 3-inch (Stokes), 112, 145, 162 3.6-inch, 84–85, 88 4.2-inch, 245, 252, 270, 273 6-inch (Newton), 112, 113n57, 115 7-inch, 85 8-inch, 24 10-inch coast, 115 10-inch siege and garrison, 24 12-inch coast, 115 12-inch siege and garrison, 24 16-inch railway, 143 58-mm., 112, 113n57 81-mm., 145, 147, 273 240-mm., 112, 115 Coehorn, 67, 72, 73, 85 designated by bore diameter, 11 drill regulations for, 48 heavy, 83, 120 infantry, 179, 299 trench, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117n71, 127, 128, 140, 143, 144 Motorization, 108, 126, 127, 128, 129–30, 133, 134–38,144–45, 322 Motorized division artillery (World War II), 163 Mountain artillery, 48, 92, 100, 143 Mountain division artillery (World War II), 163–64 Mounted Service School (Fort Riley), 102. See also School of Application for Cavalry and Light Artillery; School of Instruction for Cavalry and Light Artillery; School of Instruction for Light Artillery. Müller, John, 11, 39 Multiple-launch rocket system (MLRS). See under Rockets. Murfreesborough, Tenn., 62 Murray, Brig. Gen. Arthur, 101 Muzzleloaders, muzzleloading, 53, 78, 79, 80, 82, 105. See also Ammunition; Breechloaders; Cannon; Guns; Howitzers. 385 Nagasaki, Japan, 187, 243 Napoleon. See Bonaparte, Napoleon; see also Tactics, Napoleonic. Napoleon III, 49 Napoleon gun-howitzer. See under Guns. Napoleonic Wars, 35, 39 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 219 National Army (World War I), 106, 110 National Command Authority, 222 National Defense Act of 1916, 104, 106, 107, 110, 111 National Defense Act of 1920, 125–26, 142 National Guard, 3n2, 100, 107, 162, 198, 296, 317, 319 artillery in, 104, 106, 109, 110, 240, 294 and Combat Arms Regimental System, 257 in Operation De s e r t st o r m, 312–13 and Dick Act, 105, 106 duties of, 106 enlisted men, 107n38 in Korean War, 198 and light divisions, 307 on Mexican border, 106 motorization of, 135, 136–37 and National Defense Act of 1916, 106 and National Defense Act of 1920, 125–26 organization of, 105, 192, 250, 254, 269 and ROAD concept, 260 target acquisition, 296n32, 297 and World War I, 109, 110 weapons used by, 116 in Vietnam, 268 National Guard Association, 106 National Recovery Act of 1933, 134 National Training Center, 287, 313 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Naval fire support, 6, 223 in Korean War, 200, 205 in Mexican War, 44 and “New Look,” 207 in Vietnam, 275 in War of 1812, 30 in World War I, 115, 140 in World War II, 184, 203 Navy, U.S., 189, 323 barges in Vietnam, 279 Bureau of Ordnance, 223
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
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diverging missiOns of War William C
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diverging missiOns high-angle fire
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Table 10—Artillery Organization,
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Although neglect
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Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
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100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
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Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
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Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
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CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
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wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
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wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
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wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
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wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
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wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
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wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
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wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
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wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
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Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
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wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
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wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
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wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
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CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
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vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
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vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
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vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
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CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
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vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
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vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
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vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
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Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
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Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
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aPPendiX Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia 15
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