Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

More documents

Recommendations

Info

32 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of field arTillery Jackson. The artillery was divided among the divisions, four battalions in the Northern Division and four in the Southern. One year later, the system of designating companies by the names of their commander gave way to a system of lettered designations, which greatly simplified administrative work within the Army. 43 The Army underwent a major reorganization in 1821. The framework of the law that Congress passed on 2 March of that year was based upon proposals of Secretary Calhoun, who wanted to retain the existing units of the Army at reduced strength and use the officers as cadres upon which the Regular Army could be expanded in times of war. He suggested that ordnance, light artillery, and heavy artillery be reorganized to form five regiments with 247 officers and 2,950 men. He was specific in his recommendations about artillery for field use: The present regiment of light artillery being organized to manoeuvre 60 guns [6 per company] is stronger than our occasions require. . . . It is proposed to convert it into an additional regiment of foot artillery and to add a company of light artillery to each of the five regiments of artillery . . . to raise companies to 100 men in time of war [from 64 in peacetime], so that the whole corps will be able to manoeuvre 90 guns, viz 30 by light artillery and 60 by 10 companies of foot; and 900 or even 1800 guns in forts and batteries by aid of militia, to serve alternately two guns. 44 Congress followed most of Secretary Calhoun’s suggestions. In the act, which became effective on 1 June 1821, the Corps of Artillery and the Regiment of Light Artillery were consolidated to form the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Regiments of Artillery. One of the nine companies authorized to each of the four regiments was to be equipped as light artillery, and a supernumerary captain was assigned to each regiment to perform ordnance functions. The number of artillery companies was reduced from forty-two (thirty-two in the Corps of Artillery and ten in the Regiment of Light Artillery) to thirty-six in the four artillery regiments (Table 4). 45 Calhoun’s reorganization, which reduced the entire Army from an authorized strength of 12,664 to 6,183, gave the artillery 192 officers and 1,988 enlisted men, resulting in a ratio of one artilleryman to every two other soldiers. 46 The companies were assigned to depots in the interior in addition to their traditional postings at various forts along the coast. In spite of the consolidations, all companies averaged about 20 percent understrength. None was equipped as horse artillery, that is, with enough horses to mount the men, and none was well suited for field service. 47 43 William A. Gordon, A Compilation of the Registers of the Army of the United States . . . (Washington, D.C.: James C. Dunn, 1837), p. 71. On the redesignation orders, see copies in CMH files. 44 American State Papers, Class 5, Military Affairs, 2:189–92 (quotation). 45 John C. Calhoun, The Papers of John C. Calhoun, 2–9 vols. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press for the South Caroliniana Society, 1959–73), 5:328–29, 560; Callan, comp., Military Laws, pp. 306–09. These four regiments are currently designated as the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Air Defense Artillery. 46 American State Papers, Class 5, Military Affairs, 2:194, 452. 47 Ibid., 2:380–450, 452–56; William Addleman Ganoe, The History of the United States Army, rev. ed. (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1942), pp. 159, 170.
Table 4—Artillery Organization, 1821–1848 1821 1838 1842 11 Feb 1847 3 Mar 1847 1848 Regimental Staff Colonel 1 1 1 1 1 1 Lt Colonel 1 1 1 1 1 1 Major 1 1 1 2 2 2 Sgt Major 1 1 1 1 1 1 QM Sergeant 1 1 1 1 1 1 Captain (Ord) 1a Quartermaster 1b 1b Principal Musician 2 Principal Teamster 1 Adjutant 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b Company Captain 1 1 1 1 1 1 1st Lieutenant 2 2 2 2 2 2 2d Lieutenant 2 1 1 1 1 1 Sergeant 4 4 4 4 4 4 Corporal 4 4 4 4 4 4 Artificer 3 3 2 2 2 2 Musician 2 2 2 2 2 2 Private 42 58 42 64c 64c Teamster 42 Total 60 75 58 80c 80c Companies in 58 Each Regiment 9 10 10 10 12 12 a Supernumerary captain deleted in 1832. b Performed by a company officer as an additional assignment. c President authorized on 13 May 1846 to increase the number of privates in each company not to exceed 100 and to reduce the number to 64 when the extra men were no longer necessary for the Mexican War. The total in each company would change to 116 in February 1847 and to 118 in March 1847.
Page 1: The Organizational History of Field
Page 4 and 5: Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
Page 6 and 7: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
Page 9: FOREWORD The Organizational History
Page 12 and 13: used to defend fixed positions. Thi
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
Page 17 and 18: Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
Page 19 and 20: Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
Page 21: Field Artillery 1775-2003
Page 24 and 25: 4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
Page 30 and 31: 10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
Page 48 and 49: Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
Page 62 and 63: Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
Page 72 and 73: Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
Page 88 and 89: Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
Page 90 and 91: Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
Page 97 and 98: diverging missiOns tactics for infa
Page 99 and 100: diverging missiOns possibili ties o
Page 101 and 102: diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
Page 103 and 104:
diverging missiOns of War William C
Page 105 and 106:
diverging missiOns high-angle fire
Page 107 and 108:
Table 10—Artillery Organization,
Page 109 and 110:
diverging missiOns Artillery in act
Page 111 and 112:
diverging missiOns Artillery in act
Page 113:
diverging missiOns Although neglect
Page 116 and 117:
96 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
Page 118 and 119:
Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
Page 120 and 121:
100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
Page 152 and 153:
Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
Page 179 and 180:
wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
Page 181 and 182:
wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
Page 183 and 184:
wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
Page 185 and 186:
wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
Page 187 and 188:
wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
Page 189 and 190:
wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
Page 191 and 192:
wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
Page 193 and 194:
wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
Page 195 and 196:
Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
Page 197 and 198:
wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
Page 199 and 200:
wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
Page 201 and 202:
wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
Page 203 and 204:
wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
Page 205 and 206:
wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
Page 207:
wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 229 and 230:
CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
Page 231 and 232:
The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
Page 233 and 234:
The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
Page 235 and 236:
The nUclear arena Corporal missile
Page 237 and 238:
The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
Page 239 and 240:
The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
Page 241 and 242:
The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
Page 243 and 244:
The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
Page 245 and 246:
The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
Page 247 and 248:
The nUclear arena his proposal the
Page 249 and 250:
The nUclear arena Little John rocke
Page 251 and 252:
The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
Page 253 and 254:
The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
Page 255 and 256:
The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
Page 257 and 258:
The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
Page 259 and 260:
The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
Page 261 and 262:
Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
Page 263 and 264:
CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
Page 265 and 266:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
Page 267 and 268:
Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
Page 269 and 270:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
Page 271 and 272:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
Page 273 and 274:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
Page 275 and 276:
Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
Page 277 and 278:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
Page 279 and 280:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
Page 281 and 282:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
Page 283 and 284:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
Page 285 and 286:
The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
Page 287 and 288:
CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
Page 289 and 290:
vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
Page 291 and 292:
vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
Page 293 and 294:
vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
Page 295 and 296:
vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
Page 297 and 298:
CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
Page 299 and 300:
vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
Page 301 and 302:
vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
Page 303:
vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 345 and 346:
Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
Page 347:
aPPendiX Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia 15
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
show all

Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?