Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

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Table 26—Field Artillery Reductions, 1989–1999 Regular Army Army Reserve Army National Guard Total Army Unit Type 1989 1999 1989 1999 1989 1999 1989 1999 Corps Artillery Bde HQ 4 3 1 1 5 4 FA Bde HQ 9 6 3 17 17 29 23 Division Artillery HQ 18 10 10 8 28 18 Pershing Bn 4 4 Lance Bn 7 7 MLRS Bn 5 15 1 13 6 28 MLRS Btry 12 3 1 12 4 8-inch How Bn 17 9 23 49 8-inch How Btry 3 3 155-mm. How Bn (SP) 36 21 3 37 45 76 66 155-mm. How Btry (SP) 10a 3b 7c 8b 17 11 155-mm. How Bn (Tractor) 9 3 4 20 18 33 21 155-mm. How Btry (Tractor) 3 5b 1 1 4 6 105-mm. How Bn 18 12 1 24 14 43 26 105-mm. How Btry 2 1 2 1 Target Acquisition Btry 13 6 10 6 23 12 Target Acquisition Det 3 6 1 3 7 Total Field Artillery Bns 218 141 Total Field Artillery Btrys (excluding TA) 38 22 a Nine batteries in three armored cavalry regiments. b Three batteries in one armored cavalry regiment. c Seven batteries in armored cavalry regiments.
TOward a new cenTUry 319 heavy divisions thus fell from seventy-two to fifty-four. The six-gun batteries allowed the Army National Guard to modernize its artillery with the Paladin in a more timely fashion, and it allowed more Paladin battalions to be organized. At the same time, the MLRS battery and target acquisition battery were replaced in the heavy division by a “command and attack battalion,” each containing a combined headquarters and service battery, two rocket batteries (each with nine launchers), and a target acquisition battery equipped with Firefinder radars. The new battalion increased the division’s organic fire support and provided more control to the formerly separate batteries. Another advantage of doubling the number of rocket launchers was that the division artillery could provide the direct-support battalions with reinforcing rocket platoons and still have rockets available for general support. 24 These changes were in line with the interim Division XXI designs. While the Army of Excellence (AOE) division had been structured to conduct separate deep and rear operations to defeat the enemy in a close maneuver fight, Division XXI was organized to attack the enemy simultaneously throughout the battle space. The AOE division was designed to fight in mass, Division XXI to fight in a decentralized pattern. The division as a whole was to comprise 15,820 soldiers and have two reinforcing field artillery brigades supporting it, at least one of which was to come from the National Guard. Each brigade was to have one battalion of eighteen 155-mm. self-propelled howitzers and two MLRS battalions, each with twentyseven launchers. Thus thirty-six 155-mm. howitzers and one hundred eight rocket launchers would reinforce each heavy division. 25 Return to Iraq After the attacks of 11 September 2001, the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan, relying on special operation forces and airpower with precisionguided munitions rather than field artillery. Many, however, felt this was a serious error, 26 and two years later during Operation ira q i Fr e e D o m field artillery troops were included as part of the force. The Army followed traditional practice, with direct-support battalions fighting alongside their respective brigades. Battalions from corps and division levels provided general support. 27 24 Timothy P. Goldfish, “FA’s New Command and Attack Battalion,” Field Artillery, September- October 1997, pp. 38–41; Randall L. Rigby, “3x6 Cannon—2x9 MLRS Transition,” ibid., September- October 1996, pp. 18–21. 25 Randall L. Rigby, “Fires for Division XXI,” Field Artillery, November-December 1995, pp. 1–5; David P. Valcourt and Lester C. Jauron, “Division Redesign,” Field Artillery, July-August 1997, pp. 24–31; Wilson, Maneuver and Firepower, pp. 425–26. 26 Joshua D. Mitchell, “A Case for Howitzers in Afghanistan,” Field Artillery, November-December 2003, pp. 6–9; Bailey, Field Artillery and Firepower, pp. 425–27, 439–40. A few howitzers were later deployed. See Dennis D. Tewksbury and Joel E. Hamby, “Decentralized Fires in Afghanistan,” Field Artillery, November–December 2003, pp. 10–15; James A. Sink, “First Lethal FA Fires in Afghanistan,” ibid., pp. 16–19; and Field Artillery in Military Operations Other Than War (Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2004), pp. 36–40.
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
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diverging missiOns of War William C
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diverging missiOns high-angle fire
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Table 10—Artillery Organization,
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Although neglect
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Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
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100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
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Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
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Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
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CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
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wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
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wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
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wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
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wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
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wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
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wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
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wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
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wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
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Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
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wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
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wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
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wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
Page 287 and 288: CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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