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378 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry <strong>Of</strong> field arTillery Guns —Continued 6-inch, 103, 128 8-inch coast, 79, 83 8-inch field, 169, 170, 171, 193, 195 10-inch coast, 79, 80, 83 12-inch coast, 79, 83 12-inch railway, 143 37-mm. antitank, 160, 162, 176n31 40-mm., 192 75-mm., 145, 146–47, 157–58, 159, 165, 176n31 ammunition expenditure, 123 carriages, 128, 140, 147 direct support, 146 French (M1897), 96, 97, 99, 116, 117, 128, 138, 147, 148, 149 M1916, 137–38 mechanization of, 137–38 modifications to, 139–40 motorization, 129, 133, 134–35, 136, 149 regiments, 112, 113, 114, 115, 128, 133, 142–43, 147–48, 149 and Westervelt board, 147 76-mm., 172 77-mm. (German), 99n13 90-mm., 172 155-mm. Grande puissance Filloux (GPF), 116–17, 117n69, 128, 143 155-mm. Long Tom, 117n69, 155, 169, 170–71, 172, 176, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 203n30 175-mm., 226 battalions, 262 carriage, 271 M107, 262 range, 230n51 replaced with 8-inch howitzer, 288– 90, 295 in Vietnam, 271, 273, 274 280-mm. (Atomic Annie), 213, 243–45, 244n2, 246, 262 1-pounder, 162 3-pounder, 9, 11, 12, 18, 26 4-pounder, 9n21, 10, 11, 12, 24 6-pounder, 9, 11, 12, 18, 25, 26, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 49, 50, 51, 105 8-pounder, 24 10-pounder Parrott, 51, 54, 58, 69 12-pounder, 12, 24, 27, 41, 43n79, 51 12-pounder gun-howitzer. See Napoleon. 16-pounder, 24 18-pounder, 41 20-pounder Parrott, 58, 64, 71, 81 24-pounder, 12 32-pounder, 10 60-pounder (British), 149 Armstrong, 69 Blakely, 69 chambering, 78 Columbiad (seacoast), 50 Gatling, 79–80, 81, 82, 88, 144 Hotchkiss, 80 Krupp breechloading rifle, 78, 79 machine guns, 92n54, 115, 120, 143, 163, 265, 273. See also .50-caliber; Gatling; Hotchkiss. Napoleon, 75, 105 adoption of, 49 ammunition of, 49, 71 in Civil War, 49–50, 51, 58, 64, 66, 69, 71 as defensive weapon, 80 in horse artillery, 66 mobility of, 49 in wooded terrain, 50 railway, 115, 143 rapid-fire, 83, 123 Whitworth, 69 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 12 Haiti, 317 Hale, William, 43 Half-track vehicles, 135, 138, 165 Hamilton, Capt. Alexander, 6, 8 Harassing and interdiction fire, 203, 273, 275, 280 Harbor defense, 17, 22, 31, 73, 75, 82, 83, 90, 115, 140. See also Coastal defense. Harmar, Bvt. Brig. Gen. Josiah, 18, 19, 20 Harrison, Col. Charles, 8, 9 Harrison’s artillery regiment. See under Continental Artillery, regiments. Havana, Cuba, 86 Hawaii, 129, 133, 135, 136, 196 Heavy artillery, 17n1, 32, 49, 69, 78, 88n42, 91, 92, 101, 116, 117, 119, 135, 138, 144, 169, 195, 203, 212, 243 in Civil War, 51, 54, 56, 58, 67 in Mexican War, 44 organization of, 170, 176, 193, 257 school for, 118 Heavy division. See also Armored division artillery organization; Mechanized division artillery organization. artillery in, 304, 317, 319 FIST vehicle in, 315 reduction of, 309
indeX restructuring, 307, 308 strength of, 304 Heavy mortars. See under Mortars. Helicopter-launched fire and forget missile system (HELLFIRE). See under Missiles. Helicopters. See also Aircraft. aerial gunship, 280. See also Aerial rocket artillery. AH–1, 276 and artillery, 275 as artillery transport, 230, 234, 262, 264– 65, 271, 276, 277, 279, 288, 289 attack helicopter, 292, 293. See also Aerial rocket artillery. CH–47/A Chinook, 264–65, 276, 277 CH–54, 271 observation, 258–59, 264, 281, 316 in Operation De s e r t st o r m, 316 UH–1B, 264, 265, 266, 277. See also Aerial rocket artillery. UH–1D, 264, 265 HELLFIRE. See Missiles, Helicopterlaunched fire and forget missile system. Hermes project, 210 Hero, Brig. Gen. Andrew, Jr., 126, 127 Hero board, 127, 128, 133, 143, 183 Hickey, Lt. Gen. Thomas F., 250 High-mobility artillery rocket system (HIMARS). See under Rockets. High-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV, Hummer, Humvee), 288 Hill, Maj. Gen. D. H., 71 HIMARS. See Rockets, High-mobility artillery rocket system. Hinds, Maj. Gen. Ernest, 119, 127 Hines, Maj. Gen. John L., 137, 141 Hiroshima, Japan, 187, 243 HMMWV. See High-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle. Hodge, Lt. Gen. John R., 211 Hodge board, 211–12 Hodges, Lt. Gen. Courtney H., 173, 186 Holland, 158 Honest John. See Rockets, 762-mm. Horse artillery, 24n24, 32, 40n70, 92, 100 batteries, 38, 66 for cavalry division, 101, 108, 143–44 in Civil War, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67 equipment of, 37 in Mexican War, 48 and Regular <strong>Army</strong>, 66 relation to cavalry, 65 in Second Seminole War, 38 379 use of light artillery manual, 37 in War of 1812, 27 Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 80 Howitzers, 10, 26, 44, 81, 108, 143, 322. See also Ammunition; Cannon. 2.95-inch mountain, 111 3.8-inch, 103, 107, 109, 112 4-inch, 129 4.5-inch, 112 4.7-inch, 103, 112 5.5-inch, 9, 11, 12 6-inch, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116 7-inch, 84, 85, 88 8-inch, 12, 246, 252, 259, 264, 289–90, 292, 293, 295, 296n32, 304, 306 accuracy, 171, 262 carriage, 262, 271 Copperhead for, 286 in Korean War, 196, 197, 198, 200, 202, 203 M110/A2, 262, 302 motorization of, 129 nuclear warhead, 226, 251 range, 230n51 rate of fire, 308 replaced by multiple-launch rocket system, 291, 317 self-propelled, 193, 253, 258, 261 siege and garrison use, 24 in Vietnam, 271, 273, 274 9.2-inch, 149 75-mm., 138, 146, 148, 162, 164, 168 75-mm. pack, 140, 163, 164, 165, 167, 179, 192, 193 105-mm., 144, 146, 157, 289 ammunition for, 158, 203, 276, 286, 288 armored brigade regiment, 164, 165 battalions, 145, 147, 148, 158, 159, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 173, 180, 190, 192, 193, 195, 197, 200, 203n30, 207, 245, 246, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 258, 259, 260, 264, 270, 293, 305, 307 batteries, 189, 192, 250, 251, 252, 254 carriages for, 147 development of, 138, 139 and gliders, 164 and infantry cannon company, 162–63 in Korea, 197, 198, 200, 203n30 M1, 139 M2, 139 M2A1, 163, 166
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
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diverging missiOns of War William C
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diverging missiOns high-angle fire
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Table 10—Artillery Organization,
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Although neglect
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Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
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100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
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Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
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Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
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CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
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wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
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wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
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wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
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wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
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wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
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wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
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wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
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wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
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Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
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wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
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wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
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wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
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CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
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vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
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vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
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vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
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CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
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vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
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vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
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vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
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Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
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Appendix A—Chiefs of Field Artill
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