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372 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of field arTillery Communications—Continued telephone, 96, 99, 108, 121, 122, 154 radio. See Radio. in World War I, 114, 120, 121, 127 in World War II, 161, 182, 184 CONARC. See Continental Army Command. Confederate Provisional Congress, 61 Confederate States Army, 56, 59, 61, 63, 64, 69, 71, 73 Congress, U.S. Army reorganization of 1821, 32, 34 Army strength, 23, 24 artillery and engineers separated, 23 authorizes Regiment of Light Artillery, 24 authorizes Regiment of Volunteers and Foot Riflemen, 43 coast and field artillery separated, 100, 101 and Corps of Artillery, 26, 30 creates Corps of Artillerists and Engineers, 20, 22 creates Legion of the United States, 20 creates state militia system, 23 establishes board on heavy ordnance, 78 establishes Board of Ordnance and Fortification, 83 establishes Endicott Board, 82–83 establishes Ordnance Department, 27 on fortification construction and defense, 22, 31, 82–83 increases in artillery, 22–23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 43, 53, 54, 85, 86, 90, 145 and Joint Security Inspection Team, 222 and Lance missile system, 236 and motorization, 134, 136, 145 and National Defense Act of 1916, 104, 106 and Pershing missile system, 238 reductions in artillery, 31, 35, 126 response to Berlin Crisis, 261 response to Civil War, 53, 54 response to Mexican War, 43 response to War of 1812, 26 response to War with Spain, 85, 86, 90 protection of Northwest territory, 18 and Shays’s Rebellion, 19 and surplus weapons, 158 Congreve. See under Rockets. Connecticut, 8, 18 Conrad, Charles, 48 Conscription, 106 Containment policy, 316 Continental Army Command (CONARC), 252 and Howze board, 264 proposed airborne division, 250, 257 replaces Army Field Forces, 246, 258 redesign of ATFA division, 246–47, 248 and PENTANA, 248, 249 and ROAD program, 258, 259 studies, 250 Continental Artillery at battle of Monmouth, 13, 16 at battle of Trenton, 13 and battle of Yorktown, 14–15 enlistments in, 7 Knox commands, 7 and linear tactics of, 10–11 and Massachusetts, 3, 4 northern campaigns, 13 numerical designations of regiments, 8–9 organization of, 3–10, 15–16 promotions in, 9 regiments 1st (Virginia) (Harrison’s), 8, 9, 15 2d (New York) (Lamb’s), 8, 9, 15, 16 3d (Massachusetts) (Crane’s), 7, 8, 9, 15, 16 4th (Pennsylvania) (Proctor’s), 8, 9, 15 Gridley’s, 4, 6 Knox’s, 4, 6–7 in southern campaigns, 13–15 strength of, 6, 16 weapons of, 10–11 Continental Congress, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19 Conventional warfare, weapons, 232, 245, 251, 261–62, 267, 271, 274, 283, 310, 311, 316 280–mm. gun, 243 aerial rocket helicopters, 264, 276 Honest John rocket, 212, 229, 236 integrated battlefield, 305 Lacrosse missile, 222–23 Lance missile, 235, 236, 240 Little John rocket, 229, 230, 265, 266 missiles and rockets, 211, 214, 220, 224, 242, 266 multiple-launch rocket system, 240 and “New Look,” 207 nuclear airpower, 209 in PENTANA, 249 and Pershing II, 238 and ROAD, 258 Coordination of fire, 108, 205, 246, 249, 253, 275, 293, 315 Copper used for artillery pieces, 10, 36. See also Bronze; Iron; Nickel, Steel. Copperhead. See under Ammunition. Corporal. See under Missiles.
indeX Corps I (since 1918), 119, 200, 270, 296 II (Civil War), 67 II (since 1918), 185 V (Civil War), 67 V (War With Spain), 88 V (since 1918), 211 VI (Civil War), 67 IX (Civil War), 67 IX (since 1918), 200 X (since 1942), 200, 201–03, 205 XIV (Civil War), 62 XV (since 1943), 185 XIX (since 1942), 173 XXIV (since 1944), 270, 281 Corps artillery organization, 145, 148, 217. See also Artillery, nondivisional. and 155-mm. howitzer, 144 Army of Excellence, 309 in atomic field army, 246 aviation section deleted, 261n30 in Civil War, 47, 61, 63, 64, 67 Corps 86, 306, 309 Hero board, 128 in Korean War, 198, 200, 206, 207 Lacrosse missile, 224 Lassiter committee, 143 and missile commands, 220 under PENTANA, 249 post-Vietnam reorganization, 293–96 post–World War II organization, 194–95 and radars, 185 and tank destroyers, 173 and target acquisition, 295 in Operations De s e r t sh i e l D and De s e r t st o r m, 312 in Operation ir a q i Fr e e D o m, 320 in World War I, 108, 111, 112, 115 in World War II, 173, 176–77, 179, 180– 81, 183, 184, 185 in Vietnam, 268, 269 Corps Artillery units I, 296n32 VIII, 179 XI, 296 XIV (World War II), 179 XXIII, 296n32 XXX, 268 Corps of Artillerists and Engineers, 20, 22 Corps of Artillery (1812–1814) discontinued, 32 established, 26 organization of, 26–27 strength of, 31 373 organization of, 26–27, 32 strength of, 31 Corps of Artillery (1901–1907) established, 92 includes field and coast, 92 promotion issues, 92 strength of, 92 Corps d’Afrique, 56 Corps 86, 306–07 Corps of Engineers, 31 Corps Tactical Zones (Vietnam) I, 268, 282 II, 268, 269 III, 268 IV, 268, 269 Counterbattery fire, 290. See also Counterfire. and 8-inch howitzer, 198 and 155-mm. gun, 170 and 155-mm. howitzer, 158, 170 and aerial photography, 108–09 Army artillery mission, 186 in Civil War, 64, 71 corps artillery mission, 128, 186, 294 and division artillery, 186 in Korean War, 198, 205 and multiple-launch rocket system, 313 in Operation De s e r t st o r m, 313 and sound ranging, 181 in Vietnam, 270 in World War I, 121 and World War II, 158, 170, 176, 181 Counterfire, 213, 322. See also Counterbattery fire; Countermortar fire. and 175-mm. gun, 290 corps mission, 305 division mission, 295, 303, 304, 308 doctrine, 296 and multiple-launch rocket system, 291, 314 radar. See under Radar. and tactical fire direction system, 297 Counterinsurgency operations, 271 Countermortar fire, 272, 290n16 Craig, General Malin, 145, 148 Crane, Col. John, 6, 7, 8, 9 Crane’s artillery regiment. See under Continental Artillery, regiments. Crimea, U.S. Military Commission to, 49, 50 Crimean War, 49, 50 Cross, Col. Trueman, 44 Cruise. See under Missiles. Crusader. See Howitzers, 155-mm, XM2001. Cuba and War With Spain, 88, 89, 90 Cuban Missile Crisis, 259 Culver Military Academy, 107
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
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diverging missiOns of War William C
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diverging missiOns high-angle fire
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Table 10—Artillery Organization,
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Although neglect
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Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
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100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
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Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
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Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
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CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
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wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
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wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
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wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
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wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
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wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
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wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
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wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
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wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
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Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
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wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
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wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
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wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
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CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
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vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
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vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
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vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
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CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
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vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
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vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
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vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
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Table 26—Field Artillery Reductio
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Field ArTillery - US Army Center Of Military History

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