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366 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of field arTillery Aircraft—Continued C–41, 304 C–130, 314 close support (tactical), 236, 237, 242, 249 impact on ground warfare, 264 jet, 209, 219, 264 rockets on, 173, 264 AirLand Battle, 304–06, 310 Airmobile division artillery organization, 266, 270, 293–94. See also Air assault division artillery organization. Airmobility, 230, 264–66 and artillery raids, 280 and battle of Ia Drang, 276 in Vietnam, 276, 278, 279, 280 Alexander, Col. Edward Porter, 62, 63 Americal Division, 160, 179. See also Infantry Divisions, 23d. American Artillerist’s Companion (Tousard), 39 American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), 111, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 126, 127, 141, 142, 150. See also World War I. American Regiment. See First American Regiment. Ammunition, 22, 36, 65, 69, 83, 95, 133, 138, 249, 280, 283, 285. See also Cannon; Guns; Howitzers; Missiles; Mortars; Rockets. beehive round, 272 canister, 11, 49, 50, 71, 72 cannon ball. See solid shot. cannon-launched guided projectile (CLGP), 286–87, 314, 315, 316, 317 cargo-carrying shell, 287 case shot. See canister. cluster bomblet, 236 Copperhead. See cannon-launched guided projectile. elongated projectile, 51n15, 53 enhanced radiation warhead (neutron bomb), 287 expenditure of Bastogne, Belgium, 203 Gettysburg, 123 Korean War, 203 Soyang River, Korea, 203 World War I, 116, 119, 123, 127 friction primer, 53 grapeshot, 11 and Hero board, 127 improved conventional munitions (ICM), 236, 287 James elongated expanding projectile, 53 in Korean War, 201–05 and massed fire, 123 mercury fulminate cap, 53 Minié ball, 53 nuclear projectiles, 243, 244, 261 nuclear warheads, 209, 212, 214, 222, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 235, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 245, 262 percussion fuze, 82 production facilities, 116 Search and destroy armor munitions (SADARM), 320 shell, 11, 27, 49, 50, 51n15, 53, 72, 73, 82, 97, 99, 120, 185, 186, 251 shortages, 116, 119, 127, 174, 201–05 shrapnel, 82, 99 solid shot, 10, 11, 27, 49, 72, 82 trains, 67, 114, 115, 128, 129, 136, 140, 143, 145, 148, 162 wagons, 10, 64. See also Caissons. and Westervelt board, 126 Anderson, Capt. Robert, 40, 60n33 Antiaircraft artillery, 139, 186, 189, 242, 254 75-mm. gun, 147–48 divisional battalion, 190, 192, 245, 246, 251, 253 machine guns, 143, 147, 160, 163 missile, 210, 211, 248 self-propelled mount, 133 in World War I, 114, 115, 116 in World War II, 159, 160, 163, 164, 167 Antietam, battle of, 51, 71 AOE. See Army of Excellence. Arab-Israeli War of 1967, 300 Armed Services, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on, 239 Armed Services, U.S. Senate Committee on, 239 Armies (tactical) First, 115 117, 119, 173, 179 Third, 174, 187, 316 Sixth, 168 Seventh, 231–32, 316. See also U.S. Army, Europe. Eighth, 200, 201, 221 Army of the Cumberland, 62, 63 Army of Northern Virginia, 63, 64, 72 Army of Occupation (Mexican War), 40– 41, 44 Army of the Potomac, 63 at Antietam, 71 Artillery Reserve of, 58, 59, 64, 65, 67, 71
indeX and Coehorn mortars, 67, 73 at Gettysburg, 61 and horse artillery, 66, 67 organization of, 54, 59, 61–62, 67 reductions in, 67 Army of the Shenandoah, 66, 67 Army of the Tennessee, 62, 64 Armored cavalry regiments, 254, 269 Armored Cavalry, 11th, 269n4, 317 Armored division artillery organization, 163, 164–67, 182, 183, 189, 190– 92, 245, 246, 249–50, 253, 259, 261– 62, 292, 301, 304. See also Heavy division; Mechanized division artillery organization. Armored Divisions 1st, 164 2d, 164, 166, 167, 192, 196 3d, 166, 167, 195n15, 299 Armored Force AGF component, 166 established, 164 organization of, 164–65, 166–67 Armored personnel carrier, 213, 299, 300 Armstrong, John, 26. See also Guns, Armstrong. Army, Department of the, 197, 253, 257 Army Air Corps, 122, 144, 169. See also Air Force, U.S.; Air Service; Army Air Forces. Army Air Forces, 184. See also Air Force, U.S.; Air Service; Army Air Corps. Army artillery, 13n35, 59, 63, 65, 115, 122, 128, 133, 140, 143,186, 203n30, 220, 246, 257. See also Artillery, nondivisional. Army 86, 307, 301–10 Army Equipment Board. See Hodge board. Army of Excellence (AOE), 307, 308, 309, 319 Army Field Forces, 195, 245, 246, 248 Army General Staff and Baker board, 113 Chief of Artillery a member, 101 and division artillery, 142, 145, 158 formation of, 101 and Lassiter Committee, 142 and National Defense Act of 1916, 107 Organizational Section, 141, 142 and size of Regular Army, 125, 126 and Stimson plan, 103 and tables of organization, 141–42 War College Division, 111 War Plans Division, 142 367 Army Ground Forces (AGF), 159, 166,189, 193, 195. See also AGF Reduction Board; Army Field Forces. Army National Guard. See National Guard. Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 268 Army Reserve, 240. See also Organized Reserve Corps. and Combat Arms Regimental System, 257 in Korean War, 198 reorganizations and reductions of, 250, 260, 269, 317 and ROAD concept, 260 and Vietnam, 268 Army Security Agency, 297 Army tactical missile system. See under Missiles. Army War College, 101, 103, 248. See also Army General Staff, War College Division. Artillerists, Regiment of. See Artillery regiments, 1st (1812–1814). Artillerists and Engineers Corps of, 20, 22 1st Regiment of, 22 2d Regiment of, 22–23 Artillery, direct support, 193, 275 4.2-inch mortar, 270 105-mm. howitzer, 261 198-mm. howitzer, 289 armored division organization, 167. See also heavy division organization. cavalry division organization, 168 and Field Artillery Digital Automatic Computer, 264 and firebases, 272 forward observers, 182–83, 299 heavy division organization, 301–03, 319 Honest John rocket, 212 infantry division organization, 145, 157, 158–59, 182–83, 249, 252 light division organization, 304–05 and modularity, 322 organization of 23d Infantry Division, 270 and radars, 282–83, 297 use of tank destroyers, 172 target acquisition, 295 Artillery, general support, 12 aerial rocket battalion, 265, 270–71, 276 air assault division organization, 265 airborne division organization, 193, 250 armored division organization, 167, 253, 301–03. See also heavy division organization. cavalry division organization, 168
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The Organizational History of Field
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Civil War Flag (nonregulation), wit
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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FOREWORD The Organizational History
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used to defend fixed positions. Thi
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. THE BEGINN
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Chapter xv Page ABBREVIATIONS AND A
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Chapter xvii Page Sound-ranging equ
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Field Artillery 1775-2003
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4 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fie
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10 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of fi
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Regimental Staff Table 3—Artiller
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Battle of Palo Alto by Klauprecht &
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Table 6—Standard Field Pieces Use
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Table 8—Artillery Organization, A
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Table 9—Artillery Organization, A
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CHAPTER 4 Diverging Missions Betwee
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diverging missiOns tactics for infa
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diverging missiOns possibili ties o
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diverging missiOns The Gatling Guns
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diverging missiOns of War William C
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diverging missiOns high-angle fire
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Table 10—Artillery Organization,
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Artillery in act
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diverging missiOns Although neglect
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Direct Fire Gun A Aiming Point Diag
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100 The OrganizaTiOnal hisTOry Of f
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126 THE ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF F
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Table 11—Field Artillery Pieces R
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Table 12—Field Artillery Transpor
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CHAPTER 7 World War II Developments
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wOrld war ii 159 blow, and the thir
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wOrld war ii L-4 from the 29th Infa
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wOrld war ii 163 authorized six 105
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wOrld war ii Airborne troops loadin
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wOrld war ii 167 artillery battalio
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wOrld war ii Table 16—Principal A
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wOrld war ii Table 17—Nondivision
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wOrld war ii Destroyer Training Cen
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Firing 4.5-inch rockets in the Hür
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wOrld war ii 177 of division artil
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wOrld war ii 179 the for mer was pr
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wOrld war ii 15th Field Artillery O
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wOrld war ii as well, passed missio
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wOrld war ii 185 photographs), and
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wOrld war ii 187 After nearly six y
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CHAPTER 9 The Nuclear Arena The Kor
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The nUclear arena 211 time that rad
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The nUclear arena Honest John rocke
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The nUclear arena Corporal missile
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The nUclear arena 217 and firepower
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The nUclear arena 219 In light of n
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The nUclear arena 221 the missile c
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The nUclear arena Lacrosse missile
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The nUclear arena 225 cost over $10
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The nUclear arena his proposal the
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The nUclear arena Little John rocke
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The nUclear arena 231 fire it withi
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The nUclear arena 233 for rapid che
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The nUclear arena Lance missile 235
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The nUclear arena 237 By the end of
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The nUclear arena 239 In the late 1
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Table 23—Field Artillery Rockets
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CHAPTER 10 The Road to Flexible Res
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 245 a
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Table 24—Comparison of Divisional
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 249 p
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse Chart
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Chart 4—Reorganization of Regimen
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse 257 d
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse HHB C
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse reorg
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse M18 f
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The rOad TO fleXiBle resPOnse UH-1D
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CHAPTER 11 Vietnam During the 1950s
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vieTnam Table 25—Field Artillery
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vieTnam CH-54 Tarhe lifting a 155-m
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vieTnam 8-inch howitzer from Batter
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vieTnam 275 At each maneuver comman
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CH-47 Chinook transporting the M102
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vieTnam 279 ployed to Vietnam in la
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vieTnam 281 arose. A field artiller
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vieTnam ments were authorized, usin
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