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GROWING RICH WITH GROWTH STOCKS<br />
buy more of the stock, even though its share price had been<br />
floundering. That was a good move, since shares of General Re shot<br />
up in value once word of the Berkshire acquisition was announced.<br />
INTEGRITY COUNTS<br />
When Don Yacktman does research on a potential investment, he<br />
is especially interested in checking out the integrity of the people in<br />
charge of running the show, although this isn’t always something<br />
that can be determined right away. “The only way you can get a sense<br />
of what kind of people they are is by talking with them and asking<br />
a lot of questions,” Yacktman maintains. “I want to know what their<br />
strategy is for the cash that’s being generated. I want to make sure I<br />
<strong>com</strong>pletely understand the business. One of the things I listen for is<br />
how straight they are in answering my questions. Are they willing to<br />
share their true inner feelings about the issues that are important to<br />
me? Usually I’m not asking about quarterly earnings estimates. I tend<br />
to focus on long-range issues, their vision for the future. And I judge<br />
them not only on what they say, but more importantly by what they<br />
do. That’s how they build credibility. I’ll give you a good example.<br />
One stock I’ve followed for a long time is Ralston Purina. I feel very<br />
confident in my ability to predict what CEO Bill Stiritz is going to do.<br />
He’s established a pattern over the years. In most cases, managements<br />
be<strong>com</strong>e predictable based on what they’ve actually done in the past.<br />
A management that’s not straight with its shareholders will eventually<br />
get nailed for it.”<br />
GOOD MONEY SPENDERS<br />
Beyond that, Yacktman wants a management team that will live<br />
up to its promises, while making good use of the <strong>com</strong>pany’s assets.<br />
“All of my businesses are very profitable and tend to generate a lot<br />
of excess cash,” he says. “I want management to reinvest that cash<br />
to earn an even higher return. The way they allocate this money is a<br />
good litmus test for how shareholder-oriented they are. Companies<br />
basically have five options as to what they can do with excess cash.<br />
Listed in order of importance, they can first put it back into the<br />
business, through research and development, marketing, and cost reduction.<br />
The other four options are making an acquisition, repurchas-<br />
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