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GROWING RICH WITH GROWTH STOCKS<br />
gets his future earnings forecasts from outside services, like First Call,<br />
which provide a consensus on what the analyst <strong>com</strong>munity expects<br />
from the <strong>com</strong>panies going forward.<br />
Elizabeth Bramwell, however, cautions against relying solely on<br />
brokerage house research. She prefers to conduct her own investigations<br />
and talk with <strong>com</strong>panies directly. “You never know what they’re<br />
not telling you,” she says. “As an investor, you ultimately have to do<br />
your own thinking.”<br />
DECIPHERING THE FINANCIALS<br />
Now let’s dig deeper into the specifics you should look for when<br />
examining a <strong>com</strong>pany’s financial statements. Don Yacktman’s ideal<br />
<strong>com</strong>pany has a return on tangible assets of well above 20 percent<br />
(defined as inventory, real estate, and net receivables), plus a cash<br />
multiple (after depreciation) of 10 or less. “The <strong>com</strong>panies I purchase<br />
each have marvelous economics and, in most cases, are very well<br />
managed,” he maintains. “In addition, most of my <strong>com</strong>panies generate<br />
significant amounts of excess cash and have share repurchase plans<br />
in place. They are therefore in a position to enhance shareholder value<br />
through repurchasing their own stock at attractive prices.”<br />
Yacktman has constructed his database of potential investments<br />
one <strong>com</strong>pany at a time. Collecting new ideas is an ongoing process.<br />
“In a lot of cases, I’ll have some broker or client call and tell me about<br />
a stock that looks interesting,” he offers. “Then I’ll examine it to see<br />
if it’s something worth following. I’m very suspicious of broker re<strong>com</strong>mendations,<br />
because they tend to write reports only after a stock has<br />
gone up and is highly priced. In that case, I’ll mentally say, ‘Yes, this<br />
<strong>com</strong>pany has a good business, and it’s something I’d like to own at<br />
some point in time, but it’s simply too expensive right now.’ I’ll keep<br />
it in the system and follow it until it be<strong>com</strong>es attractively priced. I<br />
followed H&R Block for years. When it sold off part of CompuServe<br />
in 1996, H&R Block stock got clobbered to the point where even if<br />
CompuServe was worthless, H&R Block was still attractively priced.<br />
I bought the stock at those levels.”<br />
If the numbers and inherent nature of the business <strong>com</strong>e together,<br />
Yacktman takes a look at the general outlook for the industry in which<br />
the <strong>com</strong>pany is involved. He wants to see how it stacks up next to<br />
its <strong>com</strong>petitors and whether its products are likely to remain successful<br />
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