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Processing and Bioavailability (WG2) page 6
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Lycopene from processed tomato products
Of the more than 50 dietary carotenoids, lycopene is the most prevalent in the Western
diet and the tomato is the primary, and usually the only, source of dietary lycopene.
It is, however, important to note that a large proportion of tomatoes are eaten in the form
of industrially-processed products. Yearly, between 25 and 30 million tonnes of tomatoes are
processed, more than a third of the 70 millions produced. The average per capita consumption
is nearly 3.5 kg (on a fresh tomato basis), with variations from zero for some populations, to
14-15 kg in the EU, and to more than 30 kg in Italy and the USA.
The tomato is now the most important vegetable product used in the making of industrial
preserves. The "traditional" tomato-growing nations are the USA, Italy, Greece, Spain,
Portugal and France, to which were gradually added Turkey, the countries of North-Africa,
Israel, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Brazil and, more recently, China, the Southern republics of
the former USSR, Australia, Thailand, India and South-Africa. Table 1 shows the production
data for the most recent production campaigns, from which it can be seen that, although this is
an industry which produces products of relatively low added value, the USA and the EU alone
process 70% of the world's entire tomato production..
Table 1 - Quantity of processed tomatoes in the more important countries (000 tons) in the last 25 years (*)
Country 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999
USA 7715 5646 6525 9307 10235 11724
Italy 1575 3083 3785 3850 3535 4900
Turkey 520 600 1100 1500 1920 1800
Spain 827 499 819 1134 916 1480
Greece 979 1500 1180 1150 1178 1200
Brazil * * * 600 930 1100
Portugal 800 454 716 760 831 996
China * * * 420 550 900
Chile * 275 * 609 822 900
Tunisia * * - 100 435 720
Canada 350 379 476 580 524 480
France 280 416 392 340 281 370
Argentina * * - 267 190 330
Mexico 210 220 230 365 275 310
Israel 163 166 257 300 315 287
total * * * 21507 22937 27497
World * * * 22821 24959 29592
(*) some data have been excluded because of uncertainty