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Observational epidemiological surveys (WG 3) page 12
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1-1-4 β-Carotene (Table 5)
Only the IARC book systematically differentiated between studies on dietary intake and
plasma levels, therefore both methods are presented in table 5.
Table 5: Level of evidence of protection provided by studies on dietary intake and
plasma levels of β-carotene and cancers
cancer sites CNERNA World Cancer Res COMA Food and Carotenoids
(France, 1996) Fund (USA, 1997) Nutrition Policy
(UK, 1998)
(I A R C, 1998)*
mouth and insufficient insufficient insufficient 1-inconsistent
pharynx
2-consistent but
limited
larynx consistent but insufficient moderately 1- consistent but
limited
consistent but limited
limited
2-insufficient
oesophagus moderately possible consistent 1- consistent
consistent
2-insufficient
lung and strongly probable 1-consistent 1-strongly consistent
respiratory tract consistent
2-strongly consistent 2-strongly consistent
stomach consistent possible 1-moderately 1-consistent
consistent
2-consistent but
2-strongly consistent limited
colon-rectum inconsistent possible inconsistent 1-inconsistent
2-inconsistent
pancreas insufficient inconsistent insufficient 1-insufficient
2-insufficient
liver ND inconsistent ND 1-insufficient
2-insufficient
breast inconsistent possible weakly consistent 1- inconsistent
2-inconsistent
ovary insufficient insufficient insufficient 1-inconsistent
2-insufficient
endometrium insufficient insufficient insufficient 1-insufficient
2-insufficient
cervix ND possible weakly consistent 1-inconsistent
2-consistent but
limited
prostate inconsistent inconsistent for all and inconsistent 1-inconsistent
each carotenoids .
2-inconsistent
kidney ND insufficient ND 1-inconsistent
2-insufficient
bladder ND insufficient inconsistent 1-inconsistent
2- inconsistent
thyroid ND no data ND ND
skin ND ND inconsistent 1-inconsistent
2-inconsistent
*1: conclusion from food intake; 2: conclusion from plasma level
ND: Not Done
Comments on table 5
The level of agreement was generally good. All of the four sources agreed on the relationship
between carotenoids and lung cancer. The WCRF said « probable » and not « convincing »