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Observational epidemiological surveys (WG 3) page 56
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Table 32 Prospective studies based on dietary estimation of vit C
Authors country
n cases,sex, age
Kushi et al.,
(1996)
Sahyoun et al.,
(1996)
Pandey et al.,
(1995)
Gale et al.,
(1995)
Knekt et al.,
(1994)
Fehily et al.,
(1993)
Rimm et al.,
(1993)
Manson et al.,
(1992) check
Enstrom et al.,
(1992)
(Follow-up)
USA 34 486
PM-W, 55-697
7 years
USA Elderly
747 M+F, >60
USA
1556 M, 40-55
24 year complete
UK elderly
730, M+F, 65+
20 years
Finland
5133
M, 30-69
14 years
Wales2512
M, 45-59
5 years
USA Health
Professionals,
39 910
M, 40-75 4 years
USA Nurses
87 245
F, 34-59 8 years
USA NHANES I
11 348
M+F
outcome exposure
measurement
Results OR, comparison
group, CI, p trend
remarks
CHD 127 item FFQ No association vit C intake, no association;
vit E significant inverse
CHD 3 day record
CHD Dietary history X2 (1 year apart) n
vit C and carotenoid-rich foods
CHD
stroke
CHD
mortalily
CHD
(25% had
IHD at
baseline)
T5/1 vit C intake
OR=0.38 (0.19-0.75)
7-day weighed record No association
T3/1 vit C
T3/1 in vit C and β-car index
Adjusted OR=0.70 (CI=0.49-0.98)
Adjusted OR=0.5 (CI:0.3-0.8)
Dietary history T3/1
OR=0.49 (0.24-0.98) women
OR = 1 (0.68-1.45) men
FFQ T1/5
OR of IHD event = 1.6 in lowest
quintile
relation
High intake of C may
protect against mortality
from CHD
Inverse association between
dietary intake of vit C and
CHD mortality for woment,
not men
Trend of increasing IHD
risk with decreasing vit C
intake
CHD FFQ, 131 items No association Probably had sufficient vit
C in the diet
CHD FFQ Q5/1
OR= 0.80 (0.58-1.10)
All CVD
disease
24h recall and FFQ
intake from food or supplements
Standardized mortality ratio
M=0.58 (0.41-0.78)
F=0.75 (0.55-0.99)
Comparison is made to US
whites with a SMR of 1.0