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Observational epidemiological surveys (WG 3) page 62
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vitamin C (650mg) (Romieu et al., 1998). It was a double blind cross-over trial (2 periods of
10 and 7 weeks, respectively) on 42 shoe cleaners. Two other small intervention trials have
been conducted in the Netherlands showing the same type of results with beginners cyclists
supplemented with β-carotene (15mg), vitamin E (75mg) and vitamin C (650mg) once a day
for 3 months in the first trial (Grievink et al., 1998), and vitamin E (100mg) and vitamin C
(500mg) daily for 15 weeks for the second one (Grievink et al., 1999). These results are in
line with a large recently reported study on antioxidant and pulmonary function (Hu and
Cassano, 2000) which showed that an 1 SD-increased intake of each antioxidant, β-carotene,
vitamins C and E, was significantly associated with a better pulmonary function.
Table 35: Studies on lung functions and antioxidants
Authors Design Supplements Treatment effect
difference (regression
Romieu et al., 1998 42 shoe cleaners
Mexico city
double blind cross-over
trial
Grievink et al., 1998 23 bicyclists
The Netherlands
measurements after
training session
summer, rural area
no placebo
Grievink et al., 1999 38 bicyclists
The Netherlands
measurements after
training session
summer, rural area
placebo group
FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1sec
β-carotene (15mg),
+vitamin E (75mg)
+vitamin C (650mg
phase 1: 10 weeks
phase2: 7 weeks
β-carotene (15mg),
+vitamin E (75mg)
+vitamin C (650mg)
70 days
vitamin E (100mg)
vitamin C (500mg
15 weeks
coefficients)
FVC: 1.29 p