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Observational epidemiological surveys (WG 3) page 50
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Table 27 Prospective studies on fruit and vegetable dietary intake
Authors country
n cases
M or F, age
(Follow-up
Knekt et al.,
(1994)
Knekt et al.,
(1996)
Gillmann et al.,
(1995)
Manson et al.,
(1994)
Gaziano et al.,
(1995)
Vollset, Bjelkie
(1983)
Sahyoun et al.,
(1996)
duration)
Finland
5133
M+F; 30 - 69
14 years
Finland
follow-up study
26 years
Framingham,
USA
832
M; 45 - 65
20 years
USA Nurses
87 245
F; 34 - 59
8 years
Massachusetts,
USA
1299 elderly
M + F; >66
4.75 years
Norwegian postal
survey
16 713
M+F, 45-74
11.5 years
USA
747elderly
M+F; >60
9 - 12 years
outcome exposure
measurementment
CHD
total and
coronary
mortality
stroke
Dietary history
method of food consumption
dietary intake of flavonoid-rich
foods
(onions, apples)
24h recall
servings F&V/ day
Results OR, comparison group,
CI, p trend
OR T3/1
M vegetables: 0.66 (0.46-0.96)
Trend: P=0.02), W: NS
M +W fruit NS
OR Q4/1
0.57 (0.36-0.91), W apples
0.81 (0.61-1.09), M apples
0.50 (0.3 - 0.82), W onions
0.74 (0.53-1.02), M onions
OR T5/1 of servings/day
0.78 (0.62-0.98)
for each increase of 3 servings/day
stroke FFQ OR Q5/1
5+ / week vs