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Observational epidemiological surveys (WG 3) page 81
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Thus, although we have strong evidence with regard to the protective effects of fruit and
vegetables, we do not have enough data for tomatoes. Further research could be directed to
the re-analysis of available epidemiological studies with regard to tomato intake, interaction
among nutrients and estimation of risk associated with the sum of interacting nutrients.
It is obvious that we do not have enough data on lycopene, either bioavailability and tissue
targeting in humans, or on relationship to disease. Further research should concentrate on
human studies and disease for which there exists some indication, cervix, pancreas, and
prostate cancers.
We conducted a literature review on the other components of tomatoes relevant to health,
such as folates and phenolics. Tomatoes appear to be a food where most health-related
nutrients are present and well balanced. Also, because tomato consumption is large and
widespread, it provides a sizable amount of these microcompounds to populations with a
tomato intake of 90 to 100g/day. It is possible also that lycopene is a necessary part of the
synergistic protective effect of fruit and vegetables and further of Mediterranean diet. In this
case, tomatoes, and essentially processed tomatoes, are a unique type of food in this model,
since they are the sole source of lycopene.