Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

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P R O T E C T I N G E C O S Y S T E M S F O R P E O P L E A N D P L A N E T / 1 5 5Some Useful Web Sites 2United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)http://www.biodiv.orgPromotes nature and human well-being, focusing on the importance of biological diversity for the health of people and the planet.United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Freshwater Portalhttp://freshwater.unep.net/Information on the key issues of the global water situation. A section dedicated to water and ecosystems.United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Global Environment Monitoring (GEMS/WATER)http://www.cciw.ca/gems/A multifaceted water science programme oriented towards understanding freshwater quality issues throughout the world.World Resources Institute (WRI): EarthTrendshttp://earthtrends.wri.org/Environmental Information Portal. Among the issues featured: coastal and marine ecosystems, water resources and freshwaterecosystems, human health and well-being, biodiversity and protected areas.World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): The Living Planethttp://www.panda.org/livingplanet/The Living Planet Report is WWF’s periodic update on the state of the world’s ecosystems and the human pressures on them throughthe consumption of renewable natural resources.2. The sites were last accessed on 19 December 2002.
7Table of contentsThe Challenge of Water and Cities 160Map 7.1: Water stress in regions around megacities 160Table 7.1: Urban population in more and less developed regionsin 1975, 2000 and 2015 161Table 7.2: The world’s largest cities in 2000 162Cities: Competing Needsin an Urban EnvironmentBy: UN-HabitatCollaborative agencies:WHO (World Health Organization)/UNDESA (United Nations Departmentof Economic and Social Affairs)Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Provision: ‘Improved’ vs.‘Adequate’ Provision 166Water and sanitation provision standards 166Box 7.1: Singapore Public Utilities Board: reducing Unaccounted-for-Water 168The health impacts of inadequate provision 168Urban areas – life-threatening environments 168Human contamination from faecal-oral pathogens 168Child mortality rates 169Diarrhoeal diseases 169Figure 7.1: Examples of causes for the prevalence of diarrhoealdiseases in a squatter settlement 169Other health problems 170Water provision 170Table 7.3: The proportion of urban populations with access to‘improved’ water supply and sanitation 170Safe and sufficient provision 170Box 7.2: Deficiencies in provision for water and sanitation in cities inBangladesh and Pakistan 171Box 7.3: Inadequacies in provision for water and sanitation in selectedcities in Kenya and the United Republic of Tanzania 170Sanitation provision 172Safe and convenient sanitation 172Figure 7.2: The proportion of households in major cities connectedto piped water and sewers 173Toilet use 172Public health issues 173Hygiene behaviour 174This chapter draws from a comprehensive review of provision for water and sanitation in cities byUN-Habitat published by Earthscan Publications, London, in March 2003. UN-Habitat is particularlygrateful to staff from WWDR, WHO and an external reviewer for their help in developing thischapter and in their comments and suggested additions to the first draft.
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A joint report by thetwenty three U
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Lists of Figures, Maps, Boxes & Tab
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F I G U R E S / V9.1: Competing wat
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B O X E S / VII19.1: Seine-Normandy
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X/ P R E L I M I N A R YFigures, Ma
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B O X E S B Y R E G I O N S / X IEu
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T A B L E S / XIII5.3: Africa, Asia
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A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S / X
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A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S / X
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X X/ P R E L I M I N A R YPrologueP
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P R E F A C E / X X I I IWWAP consi
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iWater is an essential element of d
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4Table of contentsMeasuring Water R
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T H E N A T U R A L W A T E R C Y C
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Table 4.2: continued35 N C America
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Table 4.2: continued111 Africa Nige
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iiiIt is in the context of a global
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1 0 0 / C H A L L E N G E S T O L I
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S E C U R I N G F O O D F O R A G R
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2 7 0 / M A N A G E M E N T C H A L
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G O V E R N I N G W A T E R W I S E
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14 HolisticTable of contentsThinkin
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E N S U R I N G T H E K N O W L E D
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16Table of contentsGeneral Context
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C H A O P H R A Y A R I V E R B A S
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L A K E P E I P S I / C H U D S K O
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18 GeneralRuhuna Basins,Sri LankaTa
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R U H U N A B A S I N S , S R I L A
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S E I N E - N O R M A N D Y B A S I
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S E N E G A L R I V E R B A S I N ,
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21Lake Titicaca Basin,Bolivia and P
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L A K E T I T I C A C A B A S I N ,
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G R E A T E R T O KY O , J A P A N
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viNo intro text supplied for part V
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5 0 2 / F I T T I N G T H E P I E C
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The World’s Water Crisis: Fitting
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5 3 6 / A N N E X E SAnnexesAcronym
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538 / A N N E X E SAcronymsSAGEs:Lo
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5 4 0 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
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5 4 2 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
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544 / A N N E X E SIndexwater avail
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546 / A N N E X E SIndexagriculture
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548 / A N N E X E SIndexCongo, Repu
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550 / A N N E X E SIndexnational re
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552 / A N N E X E SIndexFisheries G
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554 / A N N E X E SIndexsustainabil
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556 / A N N E X E SIndexwater quali
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558 / A N N E X E SIndexJohannesbur
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560 / A N N E X E SIndexMMacao, eff
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562 / A N N E X E SIndexland area 7
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564 / A N N E X E SIndexwater avail
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566 / A N N E X E SIndexin rivers 8
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568 / A N N E X E SIndexsolid waste
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570 / A N N E X E SIndexconflicts a
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572 / A N N E X E SIndexprogress to
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574 / A N N E X E SIndexwetlandsCon
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5 7 6 / A N N E X E SCreditsPhotogr
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