Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

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544 / A N N E X E SIndexwater availability per person 74aquaculture 202and food security 215AQUAFIN (in Belgium) 149AquaRAP initiative 137AQUASTAT database 40, 42on groundwater use for irrigation78, 80web site 223aquatic ecosystems, health impacts103, 104aquifer recharge rate(s) 80listed for various aquifers 79aquifersagricultural use 209–10large aquifers listed 79in North Africa 317, 453replenishment of 80ecosystems requirement 80–1factors affecting 80, 81, 82,89in Seine-Normandy basin 300,437n(14), 442in Senegal River basin 453–4vulnerability to pollution 81–2see also groundwaterArab statesaccess to media 363illiteracy rates 351progress on MillenniumDevelopment Goals 526, 527,528arable land, expansion of 143–4Aral Sea 90, 144, 218, 303, 306,320, 478delta areas 315, 318arborviral infections 108see also dengue; JapaneseencephalitisArctic Islands, water resources 68Argentinacities 162, 164drinking water indicator 52food supply indicators 195groundwater used for irrigation80industrial water efficiency 235land area 71national reports 515population 71, 235progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 529sanitation indicator 52water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140Armeniacities 164food supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 73national reports 515population 73, 235progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 530water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140arsenic poisoning 86, 103, 106artisanal gold mining 243Aruba, food supply indicators 195ascariasis 103deaths due to 104Asiaaccess to electricity 253access to media 363, 511access to sanitation and watersupply 109, 110, 511in urban areas 170, 173, 511aquifers 79environmental trends 510floods 12, 17, 274, 276, 277,283, 357, 394, 512food consumption 200higher education institutesoffering water-related subjects361hydrological monitoring stations90, 356hydropower 255, 256, 256, 258,261, 261, 262, 512illiteracy rates 351industrial use of water 395–6,488, 497, 512Internet usage 364lake water condition changes 143land area 90ministerial statement on water(2002) 21population 90primary education enrolment ratios350progress on Agenda 21 520, 522pumped storage (hydropower)projects 258rivers 11, 85, 90, 144, 318, 418,484telephone usage 364transboundary river basins 306–7undernourished people in 511urban households with pipedwater and sewers 173urban population 14, 170water availability per person 69water crisis 511–12water-related disasters 12, 17,85, 90, 272, 274water resources 90Asian Development Bank, povertybasedpolicies 7assessment indicators 36asset divesture, in public–privatepartnerships 380Associated Programme on FloodManagement (APFM), web site 290Aswan Dam (Egypt) 90ATLAS Project, web site 266atmospheric water, as percentage oftotal world water resources 68atrazine (herbicide) 436, 441Australia 92Aboriginal people’s beliefs 327aquifers 79cities 162, 163, 164, 165drinking water indicator 52food supply indicators 195GDP per capita 359ICT expenditure 365lake water condition changes 143land area 71national reports 515population 71progress on Agenda 21 522rivers 145sanitation indicator 52scientists and engineers in R&D359Strategic Water Reform Framework337threatened species 141, 141water availability per person 69,71water monitoring programme 297water prices 338water quality indicator 140water resources 92Austriacities 163Danube River ProtectionConvention ratified by 239drinking water indicator 52environmental quality report(s)146food supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 71national reports 515population 71, 235progress on Agenda 21 523sanitation indicator 52water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140available water resources, descriptiveindicator map 35Azerbaijancities 163food supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 72national reports 515population 72, 235progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140Azov Sea 151Azraq Oasis 144BBahamasfood supply indicators 195land area 74national reports 515population 74progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 74Bahraindesalination plants 89food supply indicators 195land area 74national reports 515population 74progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 74Baia Mare (Romanian gold mine)accident 232baiji (dolphin) 142Baltic Sea, protection of 146Bandung (Indonesia) 162, 341Bangkok (Thailand) 162, 341, 390,391see also Chao Phraya River basinBangladeshaccess to electricity 253arsenic poisoning 86, 106cities 162, 164, 165water and sanitation provision171cyclone/flood strategies 12floods 12, 17, 276food supply indicators 195groundwater used for irrigation80, 379industrial water efficiency 235land area 71national reports 515population 71, 235progress on Agenda 21 522
I N D E X / 545progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 71water prices 341water quality indicator 140Barbadosecosystem protection policies andstrategies 145–6environmental quality report(s)146food supply indicators 195land area 74national reports 515population 74progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 74Basel Convention 238basic needs 120–1challenges 19, 99–125indicators for 47, 426, 444, 480,497basic water needs 10, 121basin-level approach to watermanagement 376, 411, 438basin-level transboundary watermanagement 303basin-level water institutions 315–16,439Beauce aquifer (France) 300,437n(14)Beijing (China) 160, 162Beijing Declaration (1995) 26Belaruscities 163food supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 72national reports 515population 72, 235progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 530water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140Belgiumcities 165environmental economics 149food supply indicators 195land area 73national reports 515population 73progress on Agenda 21 523water availability per person 73water prices 338water quality indicator 140Belizefood supply indicators 195land area 70national reports 515population 70progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 530water availability per person 70Beninaccess to electricity 253food supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 72national reports 515population 72, 235progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140Bhopal (India) 164, 279Bhutanfood supply indicators 195land area 70national reports 515population 70progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 70water quality indicator 140bilateral agreements/programmes146, 147, 411, 413bilharzia 106see also schistosomiasisBinational Autonomous Authority ofLake Titicaca (ALT) 472, 475, 476biocides, pollution by 134biodiversityin freshwater bodies 131changes in 141–3measuring 137–8implications for human health138United Nations Convention on130, 148web site 155biogas 241biological assessment, of ecosystemcondition 136–8biological oxygen demand (BOD) 135in Asian rivers 11, 487changes with time 238data analysed by sector 134biological water, as percentage oftotal world water resources 68biological water quality indicators135trend in UK 136biomass fuels, effect on health 251biosphere reserves 148birds, threatened species 142Black Sea 150, 151pollution control for 239, 297blindness-causing diseases seeonchocersiasis; trachoma‘blooms’ of algae and cyanobacteria117, 118Bogota (Colombia) 162, 175Boliviaaccess to electricity 253cities 164, 165, 468food supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 70national reports 515population 70, 235progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 531Ramsar site(s) 147water availability per person 70water prices 474, 480water quality indicator 140see alsoTiticaca–Desaguadero–Poopó–Coipasa Salt Lake (TDPS) systemBombay see MumbaiBonn Action Plan 505Bonn Ministerial Declaration (2001)27, 326, 329, 338, 380Bonn Recommendations for Action(2001) 27, 526border barb (fish) 142Bosnia and Herzegovinafood supply indicators 195land area 71national reports 515population 71progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 71Botswanafood supply indicators 195industrial water efficiency 235land area 71national reports 515population 71, 235progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 532Ramsar site(s) 147water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140bottom-up approach to indicatordevelopment 37–8Brahmaputra river (India) 84, 85see also Gangesbrain drain from Africa 359, 511Bratskoye reservoir (RussianFederation) 83Brazilaccess to electricity 253cities 162, 163, 164, 165food supply indicators 195GDP per capita 359ICT expenditure 365industrial water efficiency 235land area 70national reports 515population 70, 235progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 530scientists and engineers in R&D359water availability per person 70water law 354water quality indicator 140Brazilian merganser (duck) 142Brunei Darussalamfood supply indicators 195land area 71national reports 515population 71progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 71Buenos Aires (Argentina) 160, 162,174, 381build–operate–transfer (BOT) schemes381build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT)schemes 381Bulgariacities 164Danube River ProtectionConvention ratified by 239food supply indicators 195land area 73national reports 515population 73progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 530threatened freshwater fish species141water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140Bundala National Park (Sri Lanka) 421burden-of-disease concept 103burden-of-disease indicators 40–1,42, 103for various water-associateddiseases 104Burkina Fasoaccess to electricity 253food supply indicators 195GDP per capita 359gender equity in irrigated
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A joint report by thetwenty three U
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Lists of Figures, Maps, Boxes & Tab
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F I G U R E S / V9.1: Competing wat
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B O X E S / VII19.1: Seine-Normandy
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iWater is an essential element of d
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16Table of contentsGeneral Context
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18 GeneralRuhuna Basins,Sri LankaTa
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21Lake Titicaca Basin,Bolivia and P
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Page 548 and 549: The World’s Water Crisis: Fitting
Page 554 and 555: 5 3 6 / A N N E X E SAnnexesAcronym
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Page 594: 5 7 6 / A N N E X E SCreditsPhotogr
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