Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

I N D E X / 567physical characteristics 432pollution tax 439, 440pollution-preventive measures441population characteristics 432risk management 442indicators 445sharing of water resources 300shellfish farming industry 436socio-economic characteristics432surface water, indicators 444urban water provision, indicators444valuing water, indicators 445wastewater treatment 436, 437Water Agencycost recovery by 339, 439environmental protectionmeasures 441–2financial responsibilities 439monitoring networks 434water education 352water governance 438–9, 440indicators 443, 445water prices 339, 440, 445water quality 433–4, 435indicators 443water resources 433–5wetlands 438, 441indicators 443Seine River basin (Europe) 309, 433Selected Water Resources Abstracts360self-built low-income housing 181Senegalaccess to electricity 253cities 163food supply indicators 198industrial water efficiency 236land area 72national reports 517population 72, 236, 451progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140Senegal River 451navigation on 453Senegal River basin 90, 305, 320,447–61agriculture 214, 452dams 214, 453data availability 455ecosystem degradation 459Environmental Observatory 455–6,461finances 458fisheries 452flow rate monitoring network 358food security 214groundwater 453–4health issues 459–60historical background 456human impacts on water resources454–5hydrological characteristics 450hydrology 453–4hydropower plant 452–3indicators 461industry 452institutions covering 214, 314,456–7irrigated land 451, 452location 450, 450management challenges 456–9map of basin 451Master Plan for Development andManagement 458mining sector 452physical characteristics 450population characteristics 450–2rainfall 214, 450, 453sharing of water resources 314,458socio-economic characteristics450–3surface water 453water quality 454water resources 453–6water use by sector 453see also Organization for theDevelopment of the SenegalRiver (OMVS)Senegal River Water Charter 457,459, 460Seoul (Republic of Korea) 162, 174service contracts 381Service Level Agreements 355settlement planning, adjacent toreservoirs 117Setu (Estonian minority people) 407Seveso Directive 232sewage, organic pollutants from 86sewer connections 172regional data 109, 173, 510,511, 513Seychellesfood supply indicators 198land area 74national reports 517population 74progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 74Shanghai (China) 160, 162shared toilets 167, 172–3shared water resourcescase studies 401–13, 447–80in economies in transition 287management of 287web sites on 322see also transboundary basinssharing of water resources 20,291–322conflicts arising from 132,312–16indicators for 49, 426, 445, 480,497institutional mechanisms for 299,412international recognition of 294,509mechanisms for sharing withincountries 297–9progress since Rio 321shellfish farming 436shigellosis 102Sierra Leonefood supply indicators 198industrial water efficiency 236land area 70national reports 517population 70, 236progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 70Singaporecity 162food supply indicators 198land area 74national reports 517population 74, 162progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 74water management 168water-pricing policy 149water quality indicator 140sip wells 354site protection 147–8SlovakiaDanube River ProtectionConvention ratified by 239food supply indicators 199industrial water efficiency 236land area 71national reports 517participatory policies 339population 71, 236progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 529threatened freshwater fish species141water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140SloveniaDanube River ProtectionConvention ratified by 239ecosystem protection policies andstrategies 146food supply indicators 199industrial water efficiency 236land area 71national reports 517population 71, 236progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140small-scale hydropower plants 254,259–61advantages 257, 259, 260in Asia 260, 261, 261, 262in developing countries 259, 261disadvantages 259, 260environmental impacts 259–60in European Union 261implementation and managementaspects 260web sites on 266smoky madtom (fish) 142snail fauna, extinction of species 141Snake River (United States) 149snow cover, as percentage of totalworld water resources 68snowfall, global total 76social development, effect of waterand sanitation provision 6social value of water 332Social Water Stress Index 319societal objectives, water valuationadjusted for 329Society for the Promotion of AreaResource Centres (SPARC) 187community toilets project 179socio-economic data 46interchange with scientific data57socio-economic variables, informationbased on 51soil erosion, effects 8, 394soil moisture 77–8global total 78as percentage of total world waterresources 68soil particles/sediment, pollution by11, 134