Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

D E V E L O P I N G E N E R G Y T O M E E T D E V E L O P M E N T N E E D S / 2 6 5Hydropower has been the most significant source of energy fromwater, and it is likely that it will retain this position in the foreseeablefuture. Although over the last ten years the development of newhydropower capacity has kept pace with the overall increase in theenergy sector, even conservative projections show that tremendousincreases in energy from many sources will be required in the future.The current situation of irregular electricity supply is untenable, andgives an immediate impetus to the development of new capacity.However, while access to electricity remains an essential tool,understanding rural and other energy demands, and makingintelligent choices with respect to it, is a key element to IWRM. Thus,there is also an urgent need to ensure that energy developments donot negatively impact on communities or the environment, and thatall such aspects are taken into account for the future.Progress since Rio at a glanceAgreed actionProgress since RioDevelop multi-purpose hydropower schemes, taking into account environmental concernsEmphasize rural electrificationUnsatisfactory Moderate SatisfactoryReferencesAlcamo, J.; Döll, P.; Henrichs, T.; Lehner, B.; Kaspar, F.; Rösch, T.; Siebert, T. Forthcoming.‘WaterGAP: Development and Application of a Global Model for Water Withdrawalsand Availability’. Hydrological Sciences Journal.Bello, W. 2001. ‘The paradigm crisis behind the power crisis.’ Article based on anauthor’s talk at the International Forum on Globalization, 24–25 February, NewYork City.Cecelski, E. 2000. Enabling Equitable Access to Rural Electrification. Briefing paperprepared for a brainstorming meeting, 26–27 January 2000. Washington DC, WorldBank.Davis, M. 1995. Institutional Framework for Electricity Supply to Rural Communities: ALiterature Review. University of Cape Town, Energy and Development Research Centre.Diaz, F. and del Valle, A. 1984. Energy Sources and Uses in Poor Rural Sectors in Chile:Synthesis of Eight Case Studies. Santiagio, Centro di Investigación y Planificacióndel Medio Ambiente.Döll, P.; Kaspar, F.; Lehner, B. Forthcoming. ‘A Global Hydrological Model for DerivingWater Availability Indicators: Model Tuning and Validation’. Journal of Hydrology.Döll, P. and Siebert, S. 2002. Global Modelling of Irrigation Water Requirements. WaterResources Research, 38(4), 8.1–8.10, DOI 10.1029/2001WR000355.EEC (European Economic Commission). 1997. ‘Energy for the Future: Renewable Sourcesof Energy’. White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan.Floor, W. and Massé, R. 1999. Peri-Urban Electricity Consumers – a Forgotten butImportant Group: What Can We Do to Electrify Them? Washington DC, Joint UnitedNations Development Programme/World Bank. Energy Sector ManagementAssistance Programme.Guzman, O. 1982. ‘Case Study on Mexico in MS Wionczek’. In: G. Foley and A. vanBuren. Energy in the Transition from Rural Subsistence. Boulder, Westview Press.International Journal on Hydropower and Dams. 2002. 2002 World Atlas of Hydropowerand Dams. Sutton, Aqua-Media International Ltd.———. 1997. 1997 Atlas of Hydropower and Dams. Sutton, Aqua-Media International Ltd.Khennas, S. and Barnet, A. 2000. Best Practices to the Sustainable Development ofMicrohydro Power in Developing Countries. Department of InternationalDevelopment, United Kingdom.Mostert, W. 1998. ‘Scaling up Micro-Hydro, Lessons from Nepal and a Few Notes onSolar Home Systems’. Paper presented at the Conference on Village Power 98,Scaling Up Electricity Access for Sustainable Rural Development, 6–8 October1997. Washington DC.Peskin, H. and Barnes, D. 1994. What is the Value of Electricity Access for Poor UrbanConsumers? Background paper for World Development Report. Washington DC,World Bank.Reddy, A. 1982. ‘Rural Energy Consumption Patterns: A Field Study’. Biomass, Vol. 2, pp.255–80.UN (United Nations). 2002. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision, DataTables and Highlights. New York, Population Division, UN Secretariat, Departmentof Economic and Social Affairs.———. 2000. World Urbanization Prospects: The 1999 Revision. New York, PopulationDivision, UN Secretariat, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 1997. A Guide to UNDP’s SustainableEnergy and Environment Division. New York.Vassolo, S. and Döll, P. 2002. Development of a Global Data Set for Industrial WaterUse. Unpublished manuscript. University of Kassel, Centre for EnvironmentalSystems Research.Water Power and Dam Construction. 1995. International Water Power and DamConstruction Handbook. Surrey, Sutton Publishing.WCD (World Commission on Dams). 2000. Dams and Development: A New Frameworkfor Decision-Making. The Report of the World Commission on Dams. London,Earthscan Publishing.WEC (World Energy Council). 2001. 19th Edition Survey of Energy Resources (CD-ROM).London.