Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

S E N E G A L R I V E R B A S I N , G U I N E A , M A L I , M A U R I T A N I A , S E N E G A L / 4 6 1Box 20.1: Development of indicatorsAt the OMVS, the insufficiency or even total lack oftemporal and spatial data for several sectors has made italmost impossible to correlate the increased availability ofthe water due to developments and the environmentaland health problems that this has caused and their directand indirect impact on the living conditions of localpopulations. Therefore, to eliminate this informationcontrol constraint, and to better understand the evolutionof development in the basin, the OMVS is beingreorganized so that it can collect, process and store allthe data needed to monitor development projectperformance indicators from the upper basin to themouth of the river. The Environmental Observatory wascreated by the High Commission in November 2000 forthis purpose. Between November 2000 and December2001, indicators were defined and strategies set up togather, process and store data that will enable OMVS tocorrelate water availability, public health, the state of theenvironment and socio-economic development. Theseindicators concern:■ the percentage of participation of women in economicactivities;■ the impact of the involvement of women by activity sector;■ the quality and the quantity of domestic water use;■ the rate of access to drinking water of the populationsliving along the river;■ the prevalence of water-borne diseases (human and animal);■ the state of the environment (degradation of soil, forests,water bodies);■ the quantitative estimation of the degradation ofecosystems by sector of activity;■ the quantitative estimation of the health situation in eachsector of activity;■ the productivity of activity sectors (agriculture, livestockraising, fishing, mining);■ the market rate of crops grown in the basin;■ the rate of immigration and emigration in the zone; and■ the quantitative estimation of the corrective measurestaken to eliminate the negative impact of developments.ReferencesAdams, A. 2000. Fleuve Sénégal: gestion de la crue et avenir de la vallée. London,International Institute for Environment and Development.Bonavita, D. 2000. Manantali entre espoir et désillusion. Paris, Le Figuier.Coyne and Bellier. 2000. ‘Etude pour la mise en place d’un Observatoire del’Environnement de l’OMVS’. Gennevilliers, France.Crousse, B.; Mathieu, P.; Seck, S.-M. 1991. La vallée du fleuve sénégal. Evaluations etperspectives d’une décennie d’aménagements (1980–1990). Paris, Kartala.Fetter, C.-W., Jr. 1994. Applied Hydrogeology. 3rd ed. New York, Prentice-HallPublisher Co.Gnoumou, Y. 2000. Prise en compte des pratiques et connaissances du milieu dans lamise en place d’un réseau décentralisé des ressources environnementales et del’eau du bassin du fleuve Sénégal. Thesis, published in Dakar.IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement). 2001a. Programme d’optimisationde la gestion des réservoirs – Manuel de gestion du barrage de Manantali.Organization for the Development of the Senegal River.———. 2001b. Programme d’optimisation de la gestion des réservoirs – Phase III –Manuel de gestion du barrage de Manantali. Organization for the Development ofthe Senegal River.———. 2001c. Programme d’optimisation de la gestion des réservoirs – Phase III – Crueartificielle et culture de décrue. Synthèse finale. Organization for theDevelopment of the Senegal River.OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River). 1994. ‘L’OMVS, pour undéveloppement économique intégré de la sous-région’. Bulletin d’Information(Bulletin Report), No. 3.———. 1979. Bulletin d’Information (Bulletin Report), No. 1.Salem-Murdock, M. and Niasse, M. 1996. Conflits de l’eau dans la vallée du fleuveSénégal. Implications d’un scénario ‘zéro inondation’. London, InternationalInstitute for Environment and Development.SCP (Société Canal de Provence); Coyne and Bellier; Senagrosol. 2002. Cost-BenefitAnalysis to Develop an Optimal Dam Management Scheme. Dakar.USAID (United States Agency for International Development). 2002. Avenir du bassin dufleuve Sénégal – Prendre les bonnes décisions maintenant. Internet publication.