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558 / A N N E X E SIndexJohannesburg Expert Group Meeting(2001, on water education inAfrican cities) 351Joint Monitoring Programme for WaterSupply and Sanitation (JMP) 112data 109, 111Global Water Supply andSanitation 2000 Assessment108, 112–13, 166, 359, 542indicators used 51–2, 167local capacity-building 178reports 112web site 125‘joint ownership’ model 475, 476Jordancities 165desalination plants 89food supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 235land area 74national reports 516population 74, 235progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 74water quality indicator 140Jordan River basin (Middle East) 303,306, 320KKalahari Desert (southern Africa),bushmen’s traditional knowledge353, 354Karachi (Pakistan) 160community project 179, 180, 339infant mortality rates 169population 162squatter communities 171water prices 341water and sanitation provision171Kariba dam (Zambia) 90Kariba Lake/reservoir(Zambia/Zimbabwe) 83Kazakhstanaccess to electricity 253cities 165environmental impact assessments147food supply indicators 197land area 72national reports 516population 72progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 530shared water resources 287water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140Kensico reservoir (United States) 178Kenyaaccess to electricity 253cities 163sanitation technology 181water and sanitation provision172floods 276food supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 235land area 74leather and footwear industry241national reports 516population 74, 235progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 74water quality indicator 140water supply provision 171see also Lake VictoriaKeoladeo (Bharatpur) National Park(India) 147Kiribatiprogress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 533water supply and sanitationcoverage 513knowledgefrom bottom up 352–3progress since Rio 365sharing 357–9, 509traditional local 353knowledge base 20, 345–66indicators for 50, 426, 445, 480,498meaning of term 348Korea, Democratic People’s Republicofcities 162, 165food supply indicators 197land area 72population 72progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 72Korea, Republic ofcities 162, 163, 164desalination plants 90food supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 235land area 73national reports 517population 73, 235progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140Krasnoyarskoye reservoir (RussianFederation) 83Kumasi (Ghana) 173Kunene River basin (Africa) 304, 320Kura–Araks River basin (Asia) 303,307, 320Kuwaitdesalination plants 89food supply indicators 197land area 74national reports 516population 74progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 74water quality indicator 140Kyrgyzstanaccess to electricity 253food supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 236land area 72national reports 516population 72, 236progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 531shared water resources 287water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140LLa Plata River basin (Latin America)303, 310, 320, 513Lake Baikal (Russian Federation) 82,83, 90Lake Chad (central Africa) 303, 304,320Lake Junin grebe 142Lake Lämmijärv/Teploe(Estonia/Russian Federation) 404,405, 408see also Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe-PskovskoeLake Lerma axolotl 142Lake Malawi (southern Africa) 138Lake Nakuru (Kenya), pollution controlfor 241Lake Nyassa (eastern Africa) 82Lake Peipsi (Estonia/RussianFederation)hydrology 408morphometric data 404Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe-Pskovskoe(Estonia/Russian Federation)401–13bilateral agreements 411, 413climate 405cooperative research programmes358, 412data availability 410economic activities 405, 407, 408ecosystems 410energy-generation uses 410–11ethnic minorities 407fisheries 410, 413history 407human impacts on water resources408–10hydrological characteristics 404hydrology 408industrial use of water 410–11institutions and infrastructure411–12joint monitoring programmes 358land use 407legislation affecting 411location 404, 404management approaches 412–13map of basin 405morphometric data 404physical characteristics 404policy issues 411political administration and borderissues 411pollution of 408–10, 411population characteristics 405,406Ramsar (wetland) sites 144, 145,410risk management 412sharing of water resources 412socio-economic characteristics405–7urban use of water 410valuing water 412wastewater disposal from cities145, 410water governance 411water management/use legislation411Lake Poopó (Bolivia) 147, 466, 467water quality data 471see alsoTiticaca–Desaguadero–Poopó–Coipasa Salt Lake (TDPS) systemLake Pskovskoe (Russian Federation)management plan for wetlandareas 145morphometric data 404see also Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe-PskovskoeLake Teletskoye (Russian Federation)82
I N D E X / 559Lake Titicaca basin (Bolivia/Peru)310, 463–80Binational Autonomous Authorityof Lake Titicaca 472, 475, 476location 466, 466map of basin 466physical characteristics 466–7socio-economic characteristics467–9water resources 470–3see alsoTiticaca–Desaguadero–Poopó–Coipasa Salt Lake (TDPS) systemLake Titicaca (Bolivia/Peru) 147, 466fish species in 471, 474ownership 475transportation on 474–5water quality 471Lake Uru Uru (Bolivia) 147, 471see alsoTiticaca–Desaguadero–Poopó–Coipasa Salt Lake (TDPS) systemLake Victoria (eastern Africa) 82, 141,243LakeNet 355lakes 82–3case studies 401–13, 463–80ecosystem trends 143pollution by urban wastewaterdischarges 176, 471, 474, 477water resources in 68, 82land area, listed for various countries70–4land ownership, and economicindependence, in Burkina Faso 217land use changesflood risk affected by 176, 274,282, 283, 484hydrological impacts 87–9Lao People’s Democratic Republicfood supply indicators 197land area 70national reports 516population 70progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 532rice–fish farming 215water availability per person 70water prices 341large-scale hydropower schemesin Africa 90, 511in Asia 258, 259, 512failure of and problems with 257Latin Americahydropower 255, 256irrigated area 206water governance in 378Latin America and the Caribbeanaccess to electricity 253access to media 363access to sanitation and watersupply 109, 110, 513in urban areas 170, 173, 513environmental trends 510food consumption 200higher education institutesoffering water-related subjects361illiteracy rates 351progress on Agenda 21 520, 524progress on MillenniumDevelopment Goals 526, 527,528transboundary river basins310–11urban households with pipedwater and sewers 173urban population 14, 170water crisis 513water resources 91see also Caribbean region; CentralAmerica; South AmericaLatin American and CaribbeanHydrological Cycle and WaterResources Activities InformationSystem (LACHYCIS) 69Latviafood supply indicators 197GDP per capita 359industrial water efficiency 236land area 71national reports 516population 71, 236progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 530scientists and engineers in R&D359water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140leather industry, pollution by 15,241, 242–3Lebanoncities 163food supply indicators 197land area 73national reports 516population 73progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 530water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140legal constraint(s), to effective riskmanagement 284legionellosis 103, 104legislation on water management anduse 147, 297Bolivian 476and decentralization 354French 438Japanese 332, 374, 489, 490,491, 492Peruvian 476Russian 375, 376, 411for Senegal River basin 456–7South African 147Sri Lankan 422Thai 398–9Zimbabwean 354, 379–80Lempa River basin (Central America)310, 320Lena River (Russian Federation) 85,90Lesothofood supply indicators 197land area 73national reports 516population 73progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 73Liberiafood supply indicators 197land area 70national reports 516population 70progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 70Libyan Arab Jamahiriyacities 163desalination plants 89food supply indicators 197‘Great Man-Made River’ project210land area 74national reports 516population 74progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 530water availability per person 74water quality indicator 140Liechtensteinnational reports 516progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 533Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) 38life-threatening environments, urbanareas as 168lifestyle changes, effects on waterrequirements 16lifestyle indicators 47lighting, energy/fuel used for 252Lima (Peru) 162, 175Limpopo River basin (Africa) 304,320Lithuaniafood supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 236international agreements 146land area 72national reports 516population 72, 236progress on Agenda 21 523progress towards Goals 529water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140liver cancer 118livestock 201–2water requirements 203Living Planet Index, inland freshwaterspecies 143Living Planet Report 143, 155log frame approach (to indicatordevelopment) 38, 44Logical Framework 38for Global Water PartnershipFramework for Action 39Los Angeles (United States) 160, 162low(er)-income countriescompeting water uses 228finance for infrastructureinvestment 177impacts by industry 230, 233industrial water productivity 234,237, 244water and sanitation provision167low-income urban dwellersand demand-side watermanagement 181–3self-built homes 181water purchasing by 8, 177Lowveld rivers (southern Zimbabwe)137Luxembourgfood supply indicators 195land area 72national reports 516population 72progress on Agenda 21 523water availability per person 72lymphatic filariasis 103, 108, 510,512deaths due to 104global burden of disease due to104, 108source of infection 108, 170
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A joint report by thetwenty three U
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F I G U R E S / V9.1: Competing wat
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16Table of contentsGeneral Context
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viNo intro text supplied for part V
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Page 548 and 549: The World’s Water Crisis: Fitting
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