Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4 8 0 / P I L O T C A S E S T U D I E S : A F O C U S O N R E A L - W O R L D E X A M P L E SLake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia and PeruBox 21.1: Development of indicatorsChallenge areasLake Titicaca indicatorsSURFACE WATER • Water use (U) = 416.3 m 3 10 6 /year• U/A = 0.60• Rainfall varies between 200 mm and1,400 mm (normal year)WATER QUALITY • Coliforms load 46 unt/100 ml• Puno water system abduction• 1,000 unt/100 ml (Puno Bay)• Turbidity = 1.27 parts per millionGROUNDWATER • Net recharge = 4 m 3 /s; 0.89% of total(see groundwater map for more details)PROMOTING HEALTH • Child mortality 14%• 77,663 households with sanitation= 17.2%: Peru = 19%; Bolivia = 24%• Health investment: Peru = 278 PurchasingPower Parity (PPP)/year; Bolivia= 150 PPA/yearPROTECTING • Six protected areas 922 km 2 = 0.62%ECOSYSTEMS • One Ramsar site: Lake Titicaca 8,400 km 2= 5.6% of total areaWATER AND CITIES • 60% of population in major urban centres• 750 tons/day solid waste; 140,000 m 3wastewater• Only one major city (El Alto) where watersystem is administrated by a privatecompanySECURING THE • Irrigated land = 19,444 hectares = 0.43%FOOD SUPPLYof total productive landWATER AND INDUSTRY • No water recycling in the systemChallenge areasLake Titicaca indicatorsWATER AND ENERGY • Electricity is not generated in the lakearea• No water recycling in the systemMANAGING RISK • Flood area = 90,000 hectares controlled,out of 120,000 hectares in Puno and10,000 hectares in DesaguaderoSHARING WATER • Agriculture = 90%; Drinking water = 7%;Other = 3%VALUING WATER • Varies between US$0.135 per m 2 (Puno andJuliaca) in Peru and US$ 0.220 per m 3 in Bolivia(El Alto and Oruro)• No demand-responsive waterdevelopment policies• No demand-responsive waterdevelopment institutionsENSURING KNOWLEDGE • Effective hydrometeorological datacollection system exists in both Peru andBolivia• Data can be collected by requestinginstitutions• Between Bolivia and Peru there is onemain authority (ALT) and eight waterscientistsGOVERNING WISELY • Decentralization process in course; rolesare 60% defined• The basin authority has the central andvery autonomous responsibility to planand manage the lakeReferencesComité Ad-Hoc de Transición de la Autoridad Autónoma Binacional del Sistema TDPS.1996. Diagnóstico ambiental del Sistema TDPS. Bolivia, United NationsEnvironmental Programme.GWP (Global Water Partnership). 2000. Manejo Integrado de Recursos Hídricos. (IntegratedManagement of Hydric Resources). TEC Background Papers No. 4. Stockholm.Ministry of Sustainable Development and Planning (Ministerio de Desarrollo Sostenible yPlanificación). 1999. Bolivia: Atlas Estadístico de Municipios. (Bolivia: StatisticalAtlas of Municalities). La Paz, Centro de Informacion para el Desarrollo.———. 1998. Zonificación Agroecológica y Socioeconómica del la Cuenca del Altiplanodel Departamento de La Paz. (Mapping the Agro-ecological and Socio-economicAspects of the High Basin of the Department of La Paz). Bolivia, Proyecto ZONISIG.National Institute of Statistics. 1992. Population and Housing Census. Bolivia.Republics of Bolivia and Peru. 1993. Master Plan for Flood Prevention and the Usageof Water Resources of the TDPS System. La Paz, Autoridad Binacional Autonomadel Sistema Hidrico TDPS.UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2002. Informe de Desarrollo Humanoen Bolivia. (Human Development Report of Bolivia). Bolivia.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 1996. MapaHidrogeológico de America del Sur. (Hydrogeological Map of South America).Brazil.———. 1994. Efficient Water Use. Uruguay.
22Table of contentsGeneral Context 484Map 22.1: Locator map 484Map 22.2: Basin map 484Greater Tokyo, JapanCoordinated by: The National Institutefor Land and InfrastructureManagement – Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport of Japan(NILIM-MLIT)Water Resources 486Hydrology 486Table 22.1: Hydrological characteristics of the five river basinsin Greater Tokyo 485Figure 22.1: Variation in river water quality – biological oxygen demand(BOD) levels 487Human impacts on water resources 486Figure 22.2: Variation in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) dischargeload by sector in Tokyo bay 487Challenges to Life and Well-Being 488Water use in industry and cities 488Figure 22.3: Rate of ground subsidence 488Securing the food supply 489Protecting ecosystems 489Management Challenges: Stewardship and Governance 489Water governance 489Table 22.2: Water governance in Japan 490Water rights 489Developing water resources 490Compensation measures for upstream inhabitants 490Drought measures 491Using water effectively 491River improvement measures 491Levee maintenance 491Non-structural measures 491Managing the environment 491Monitoring the ecosystem 491Figure 22.4: Revision of the River Law 492Evaluating the environmental impact 491Improving the water quality 492
Page 2 and 3:
A joint report by thetwenty three U
Page 4 and 5:
Lists of Figures, Maps, Boxes & Tab
Page 6 and 7:
F I G U R E S / V9.1: Competing wat
Page 8 and 9:
B O X E S / VII19.1: Seine-Normandy
Page 10 and 11:
X/ P R E L I M I N A R YFigures, Ma
Page 12 and 13:
B O X E S B Y R E G I O N S / X IEu
Page 14 and 15:
T A B L E S / XIII5.3: Africa, Asia
Page 16 and 17:
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S / X
Page 18:
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S / X
Page 21:
X X/ P R E L I M I N A R YPrologueP
Page 24 and 25:
P R E F A C E / X X I I IWWAP consi
Page 26:
iWater is an essential element of d
Page 29 and 30:
4 / S E T T I N G T H E S C E N EWh
Page 31 and 32:
6 / S E T T I N G T H E S C E N ETh
Page 33 and 34:
8 / S E T T I N G T H E S C E N ETh
Page 35 and 36:
1 0 / S E T T I N G T H E S C E N E
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 88 and 89:
4Table of contentsMeasuring Water R
Page 90 and 91:
T H E N A T U R A L W A T E R C Y C
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Table 4.2: continued35 N C America
Page 98 and 99:
Table 4.2: continued111 Africa Nige
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122:
iiiIt is in the context of a global
Page 125 and 126:
1 0 0 / C H A L L E N G E S T O L I
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 152 and 153:
6Table of contentsSignificance of F
Page 154 and 155:
P R O T E C T I N G E C O S Y S T E
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
8 BoxTable of contents8.1: The righ
Page 214 and 215:
S E C U R I N G F O O D F O R A G R
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Table 8.1: National values of key i
Page 220 and 221:
Table 8.1: continuedGuadeloupe - -
Page 222 and 223:
Table 8.1: continuedSlovakia - 0.1
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
2 7 0 / M A N A G E M E N T C H A L
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 367 and 368:
G O V E R N I N G W A T E R W I S E
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
14 HolisticTable of contentsThinkin
Page 385 and 386:
E N S U R I N G T H E K N O W L E D
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
16Table of contentsGeneral Context
Page 407 and 408:
C H A O P H R A Y A R I V E R B A S
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
17Table of contentsGeneral Context
Page 421 and 422:
L A K E P E I P S I / C H U D S K O
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
18 GeneralRuhuna Basins,Sri LankaTa
Page 435 and 436:
R U H U N A B A S I N S , S R I L A
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448: 19Table of contentsGeneral Context
Page 449 and 450: S E I N E - N O R M A N D Y B A S I
Page 465 and 466: 20Table of contentsGeneral Context
Page 467 and 468: S E N E G A L R I V E R B A S I N ,
Page 481 and 482: 21Lake Titicaca Basin,Bolivia and P
Page 483 and 484: L A K E T I T I C A C A B A S I N ,
Page 497: L A K E T I T I C A C A B A S I N ,
Page 501 and 502: G R E A T E R T O KY O , J A P A N
Page 517: viNo intro text supplied for part V
Page 520 and 521: 5 0 2 / F I T T I N G T H E P I E C
Page 548 and 549:
The World’s Water Crisis: Fitting
Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
5 3 6 / A N N E X E SAnnexesAcronym
Page 556 and 557:
538 / A N N E X E SAcronymsSAGEs:Lo
Page 558 and 559:
5 4 0 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
Page 560 and 561:
5 4 2 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
Page 562 and 563:
544 / A N N E X E SIndexwater avail
Page 564 and 565:
546 / A N N E X E SIndexagriculture
Page 566 and 567:
548 / A N N E X E SIndexCongo, Repu
Page 568 and 569:
550 / A N N E X E SIndexnational re
Page 570 and 571:
552 / A N N E X E SIndexFisheries G
Page 572 and 573:
554 / A N N E X E SIndexsustainabil
Page 574 and 575:
556 / A N N E X E SIndexwater quali
Page 576 and 577:
558 / A N N E X E SIndexJohannesbur
Page 578 and 579:
560 / A N N E X E SIndexMMacao, eff
Page 580 and 581:
562 / A N N E X E SIndexland area 7
Page 582 and 583:
564 / A N N E X E SIndexwater avail
Page 584 and 585:
566 / A N N E X E SIndexin rivers 8
Page 586 and 587:
568 / A N N E X E SIndexsolid waste
Page 588 and 589:
570 / A N N E X E SIndexconflicts a
Page 590 and 591:
572 / A N N E X E SIndexprogress to
Page 592 and 593:
574 / A N N E X E SIndexwetlandsCon
Page 594:
5 7 6 / A N N E X E SCreditsPhotogr
show all

Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?