Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

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Lists of Figures, Maps, Boxes & TablesivAcknowledgementsxvForewordxixProloguexxPrefacexxiiPart I: Setting the Scene 1Chapter 1: THE WORLD’S WATER CRISIS 3Chapter 2: MILESTONES 23Chapter 3: SIGNING PROGRESS: INDICATORS MARK THE WAY 29Part II: A Look at the World’s Freshwater Resources 61Chapter 4: THE NATURAL WATER CYCLE 63ContentsPart III: Challenges to Life and Well-Being 97Chapter 5: BASIC NEEDS AND THE RIGHT TO HEALTH 99Chapter 6: PROTECTING ECOSYSTEMS FOR PEOPLE AND PLANET 127Chapter 7: CITIES: COMPETING NEEDS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT 157Chapter 8: SECURING FOOD FOR A GROWING WORLD POPULATION 189Chapter 9: PROMOTING CLEANER INDUSTRY FOR EVERYONE’S BENEFIT 225Chapter 10: DEVELOPING ENERGY TO MEET DEVELOPMENT NEEDS 247Part IV: Management Challenges: Stewardship and Governance 267Chapter 11: MITIGATING RISK AND COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY 269Chapter 12: SHARING WATER: DEFINING A COMMON INTEREST 291Chapter 13: RECOGNIZING AND VALUING THE MANY FACES OF WATER 323Chapter 14: ENSURING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE: A COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY 345Chapter 15: GOVERNING WATER WISELY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 367Part V: Pilot Case Studies: A Focus on Real-World Examples 385Chapter 16: CHAO PHRAYA RIVER BASIN, Thailand 387Chapter 17: LAKE PEIPSI/CHUDSKOE-PSKOVSKOE, Estonia and the Russian Federation 401Chapter 18: RUHUNA BASINS, Sri Lanka 415Chapter 19: SEINE-NORMANDY RIVER BASIN, France 429Chapter 20: SENEGAL RIVER BASIN, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal 447Chapter 21: LAKE TITICACA BASIN, Bolivia and Peru 463Chapter 22: GREATER TOKYO, Japan 481Part VI: Fitting the Pieces Together 499Chapter 23: THE WORLD’S WATER CRISIS: FITTING THE PIECES TOGETHER 501Annexes 537Acronyms 537Other Global Assessment Publications 540Index 544
IV / P R E L I M I N A R YFigures, Maps, Boxes & TablesFigures1.1: World population and freshwater use 131.2: World population prospects 131.3: Actual and projected urban population in different regions of the world in 1950, 2000 and 2030 141.4: Urban and rural populations, less developed countries, 1950 to 2030 143.1: Translation of an information need into policy-oriented information using variables, indicators and indices 343.2: Calculated available water resources, water demand, internal renewable water resources and water supply 353.3: Development of consumable fish as a percentage of the minimum biomass needed for a sustainable renewalof the fish population 363.4: Annual freshwater demand in different regions of the world for the current situation and for two alternativeprojections for the year 2025 363.5: Overview of the history and development of sustainability indicators 383.6: Schematic representation of a guideline for indicator development 413.7: Values of the Water Stress Index (WSI) presented on four different spatial scales: country, grid cell, region and watershed 533.8: A time series of the oxygen concentration and living organisms in the Rhine River since 1900 543.9: Nile basin map showing climactic moisture index 563.10: Nile basin map showing indicator on people with drought stress threshold 564.1: The global hydrological network by type 684.2: Water availability versus population 694.3: Typical groundwater flow regimes and residence times under semi-arid climatic conditions 805.1. Transmission pathways of faecal-oral diseases 1055.2: Water supply, distribution of unserved populations 1095.3: Sanitation, distribution of unserved populations 1095.4. Actual and target water supply coverage 1115.5: Actual and target sanitation coverage 1116.1: Emissions of water pollutants by sector 1346.2: Biological quality of United Kingdom rivers, 1990-2000 1366.3: Proportion of United States species at risk or extinct, by taxonomic grouping 1426.4: Living Planet index 1999: inland waters 1436.5: Changes in lake condition 1960s-1990s 1437.1: Examples of causes for the prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in a squatter settlement 1697.2: The proportion of households in major cities connected to piped water and sewers 1738.1: Food prices and investment in irrigation and drainage 1948.2: Per capita food consumption from 1965 to 2030 2008.3: Yields and water requirements of irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture 2058.4: Competing uses of water in the Zhanghe irrigation district, China 2058.5: Irrigated area as proportion of irrigation potential in developing countries 2068.6: Irrigation and water resources: actual (1999) and predicted (2030) withdrawals 2078.7: Progress towards the World Food Summit target 2118.8: Proportion of undernourished people in developing countries, 1990-1992 and 1997-1998 212
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4Table of contentsMeasuring Water R
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iiiIt is in the context of a global
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6Table of contentsSignificance of F
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8 BoxTable of contents8.1: The righ
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14 HolisticTable of contentsThinkin
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16Table of contentsGeneral Context
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C H A O P H R A Y A R I V E R B A S
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18 GeneralRuhuna Basins,Sri LankaTa
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viNo intro text supplied for part V
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The World’s Water Crisis: Fitting
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5 3 6 / A N N E X E SAnnexesAcronym
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538 / A N N E X E SAcronymsSAGEs:Lo
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5 4 0 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
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5 4 2 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
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544 / A N N E X E SIndexwater avail
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568 / A N N E X E SIndexsolid waste
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