Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

I N D E X / 569water prices 338water quality indicator 140Swiss Agency for Development andCooperation (SDC) 280Switzerlandfood supply indicators 199land area 71national reports 518population 71progress on Agenda 21 523water availability per person 71water quality indicator 140Syrian Arab Republiccities 163food supply indicators 199land area 73national reports 518population 73progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140water quality monitoring 149systems approach to indicatordevelopment 40TTaiwan, earthquake 276Tajikistanfood supply indicators 199land area 73national reports 518population 73progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 73Tamagawa River basin (Japan) 485–6water quality indicators 486, 497see also Greater Tokyo region riverbasinsTamagawa River System ImprovementPlan (Japan) 374, 492tannery wastes, reduction/treatmentof 241, 242–3Tanzania, United Republic ofaccess to electricity 253cities 163water and sanitation provision171, 172food supply indicators 199gold mining 243health effects of irrigation projects220industrial water efficiency 236land area 73national reports 518population 73, 236progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140see also Lake Victoriatariff disincentives 297Tarim River basin (Asia) 303, 307technological changes, effects 16tectonic depressions, lakes in 82telephone usage 362, 364television, access to 362, 363temporal scale 54terrestrial water cycle 63–96impact of humans 57, 87–9Terrestrial Wilderness Index 138textile industries, pollution by 15,229Thailandcities 162Constitution (1997) 392, 398costs of irrigation developments216economic crisis (1997) 399environmental economics 149environmental impact assessments147floods 274, 394food supply indicators 199GDP per capita 359ICT expenditure 365industrial water efficiency 236institutions 390, 397–9land area 72legislation 398–9national reports 518population 72, 236progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 530River Basin Committees 398–9scientists and engineers in R&D359self-built low-income housing 181water availability per person 72water prices 341water quality indicator 140water quality policies 399–400water resource developmentpolicies 399water user organizations 397–8see also Chao Phraya River basinthermal electricity generationcooling water for 230, 238, 263,410, 411, 445as proportion of global totalenergy 255Third World Water Forum (Kyoto,2003) 28, 301threatened freshwater species 141Three Gorges dam (China) 258, 259tidal energy 262advantages and disadvantages264Tigris–Euphrates River basin (MiddleEast) 303, 307, 320hydropower/water storage project259irrigation scheme 219Tisza River basin (eastern Europe),pollution control in 232, 240Titicaca–Desaguadero–Poopó–CoipasaSalt Lake (TDPS) system(Bolivia/Peru) 463–80agriculture 469, 473Binational Autonomous Authorityof Lake Titicaca 472, 475, 476,478climate 467critical problems 477cultural background 469dams and diversions 471, 478data availability 472drinking water provision 473, 480droughts 471, 477economic activities 468–9ecosystems 474, 477education 468energy consumption 474extreme events in 471, 472finances 476floods 471, 477food production 469, 473groundwater 470–1, 473health indicators 468human impacts on water resources471–2hydraulic regulation works 478hydrology 470–1indicators used 480industrial use of water 474institutions 475irrigated land 473, 473land ownership system 469, 477land types 467legislation 476location 466, 466management approaches 476–7map of basin 466Master Plan 472, 476, 478physical characteristics 466–7pollution of 471, 474, 477population characteristics 467–8,469poverty 467causes 477, 479risk management 476sanitation coverage 473, 474,480sharing of water resource 476socio-economic characteristics467–9surface water 470, 473topography 466–7tourism 474–5urban centres 468, 474valuing water 476water governance 476water prices 474, 476, 480water quality 471water resources 470–3water uses 473–5see also Lake Titicaca basinTogoaccess to electricity 253food supply indicators 199industrial water efficiency 236land area 72national reports 518population 72, 236progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140toilet sharing 167, 172–3Tokyo (Japan) 160, 162Tongafood supply indicators 199national reports 518progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 533top-down approach to indicatordevelopment 38–40tourism, effects on water withdrawals16trachoma 103, 105, 115, 169deaths due to 104effect of improved water supplyand sanitation 115trade balance deficits, and foodimports 202trade liberalization, effects 202, 229tradingfood products 202, 511water rights 336, 338, 381traditional fuels 251traditional local knowledge 353traditional water management 294,353, 425transboundary aquifers 79, 316–18transboundary basinsand administrative areas 54case study 447–61