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556 / A N N E X E SIndexwater quality indicators 135, 140,426, 444, 480, 497water supply access indicators110, 395, 421, 426, 444, 473,474, 480, 497Indonesiaaccess to electricity 253cities 162, 163, 164, 165cost recovery in irrigation schemes336food supply indicators 197hydropower 258industrial water efficiency 235land area 71national reports 516population 71, 235progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 71water prices 341water quality indicator 140Indus River basin 84, 219, 306Indus River Commission 313industrial developmentrecommendations for futurestrategies 244and water demand 229–33industrial practices, local improvementwith global/regional benefits240–3industrial use of water 225–46in Africa 511in Asia 395–6, 488, 497, 512compared with other uses 228,244, 294, 331data availability 233–4in Europe 240, 410–11, 437–8,512global total 229, 509indicators for 48, 234, 426, 444,497monitoring of 233–4Industrial Value Added (IVA)in industrial water efficiency index234listed for various countries 235–7industrial waste, pollution by 103,106industrial water productivity, listed forvarious countries 235–7industry 225–46Agenda 21 on 227challenges 20impacts on water resources 227at basin scale 238–40in coastal zones 240on global scale 229–30at local level 232–3quality 227quantity 227at regional level 230–2progress since Rio 245water pollution by 15, 103, 106,134, 227, 229, 231, 232, 241,243, 244web sites on 246infectious diarrhoeal diseases 102–3causes 102deaths due to 104factors affecting incidence 108informal settlementssanitation in 173see also squatter communitiesinformation and communicationtechnology (ICT)expenditure as percentage of GDP365factors limiting use 362, 364in Japan 493and online education facilities361and sharing knowledge andinformation 493, 509information need, defining 43–4inland fisheries 202effect of agricultural water use218and food security 214–15yields from rice–fish farming 215inland water ecosystems seefreshwater ecosystemsinsecticides, restrictions on use 122inshore waters, contamination byurban wastewater discharges 176institutional arrangementsat basin level 315–16, 439in case studies 397–8,411–12, 422, 456–7, 475for irrigation water management215–16for sharing of water resources214, 314, 411–12, 456–7, 475,476institutional constraint(s), to effectiverisk management 284integrated approach 505–8microcosm example 506, 508Integrated Coastal Zone Management(ICZM) approach 231, 240Integrated Environmental andEconomic Accounting (IEEA)indicator 38Integrated Pollution Prevention andControl (IPPC) Directive 239Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM) approach 240Integrated Water ResourcesManagement (IWRM) 376–7and climate change 76ecosystems approach 152, 377framework for 376and health issues 120–1and hydropower 264, 265in Japan 493Lake Titicaca basin 476and poverty alleviation 7and risk mitigation 272–3and sharing of water resources299–300in Sri Lanka 420, 423, 425and sustainable development 7, 37in Thailand 398, 399Toolbox for 360and water governance 370, 372and water valuation 328, 333Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) 17, 76, 282internal renewable water resourcesdescriptive indicator map 35listed for various countries 70–4International Association ofHydrogeologists (IAH) 69, 78International Association ofHydrological Sciences (IAHS)and FRIEND project 69Global Databases Metadata System69Prediction of Ungauged Basins(PUB) initiative 357International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)Global Network for Isotopes inPrecipitation 69, 357Isotope Hydrology Sectiontechniques 80web site 266International Commission on LargeDams (ICOLD), definition of largedam 83International Commission for theProtection of the Danube River(ICPDR) 297International Conference onFreshwater (Bonn, 2001) 20, 27Action Plan 505Ministerial Declaration 27, 326,329, 338, 380Recommendations for Action 27,526Toolbox for IWRM launched at360on water-related disasters 272,278International Conference on Water andthe Environment (Dublin, 1992)25, 130, 227, 326n(1), 348Dublin Statement 17–18, 25, 130,326, 352International Conference on Water andSustainable Development (Paris,1998) 26International Consultative Consortiumon The Nile (ICCON) 315International Court of Justice (ICJ)302, 303International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR,1966) 193International Decade for NaturalDisaster Reduction (1990–2000)24, 27Scientific and Technical Committee,risk-assessment/managementinitiative 281International Drinking Water Supplyand Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD,1981–1990) 7, 24, 120, 166monitoring by WHO 112results 8, 120International Geosphere BiosphereProgramme (IGBP) 69International Hydrological Decade(IHD) 88International Hydrological Programme(IHP) 69, 78, 88, 95International Hydropower Association(IHA), on potential hydropowercapacity 254International Initiative for CommunityMultimedia Centres (CMC) 364International Institute for Environmentand Development (IIED), SenegalRiver basin study 214International Institute forInfrastructural, Hydraulic andEnvironmental Engineering (IHE)361, 361International Institute for SustainableDevelopment (IISD), on indicators33, 40, 42International Joint Commission (UnitedStates/Canada) 318international law 302web site covering 322International Monetary Fund (IMF),Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers7, 382International Network of Basin
I N D E X / 557Organizations (INBO) 355International Network on Small HydroPower (IN-SHP), web site 266International Research Centre forWater Supply and Sanitation (IRC),on sanitation options 340International River Basin Commissions283International Strategy for DisasterReduction (ISDR) 278aim 278terminology 279web site 290international targetson food security 193, 210on water supply and sanitation7–8, 24, 27, 116, 166see also Millennium DevelopmentGoalsInternational Water Law Project, website 322International Water ManagementInstitute (IWMI)data from 194irrigation water study in Pakistan220on malaria eradication measures423–4Water for Agriculture web site223web site 384World Water and Climate Atlas358international water policies 17–21international watercourse(s)meaning of term 319n(8)Senegal River as 456, 457UN Convention on 302, 303, 317,509International Year of Freshwater(2003) 28Internationally Shared AquiferResource Management (ISARM)Initiative 317Internet resources see web sitesInternet usage 362, 364intestinal helminth infections 102,103, 105intestinal nematode infections, deathsdue to 104intrinsic value of water 329investmentsin irrigation infrastructures 194,206, 216for Millennium Development Goals334in water infrastructures 177Iran, Islamic Republic ofcities 162, 163, 164, 165drought(s) 275earthquake 276food supply indicators 197groundwater used for irrigation80industrial water efficiency 235land area 73national reports 516population 73, 235progress on Agenda 21 522progress towards Goals 531Ramsar Convention adopted by148water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140water quality monitoring 149Iraqcities 162, 165food supply indicators 197lakes and reservoirs 83land area 72national reports 516population 72progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 533water availability per person 72Ireland, Republic offood supply indicators 197land area 71national reports 516population 71progress on Agenda 21 523water availability per person 71water prices 338water quality indicator 140iron and steel industry, pollution by15irrigated agriculture 203–10gender equality in 217, 378–9increasing financial pressures on216irrigated landareaglobal 193for various countries 80,195–9, 511expansion of 193, 204, 220irrigationcost per hectare 206crop diversification supported by217–18crop yield response 205effect on economic development8and food production 194, 204gender equity 217groundwater used in 78, 80,209–10and health 219–20investment in 194, 206, 216modern techniques 16, 217, 424and off-farm employment 213–14reservoirs needed for future 83role in alleviating poverty 213role in improving food security 213wastewater used in 103–4, 219water demand for 193, 203,207–9listed for various countries195–9water use efficiency in 193,206–7, 208, 209, 217, 424wetlands affected by 118irrigation canals, lining of 118, 119irrigation schemescommunity-managed 213, 423cost recovery in 336design and management optionsto safeguard health 118, 220environmental impacts 12, 219indirect water uses 220, 329in Sri Lanka 420, 423in Thailand 395water quality deterioration due to218–19irrigation water management 215–18adapting institutionalarrangements for 215–16reforming of 216–17Israelcities 163desalination plants 89food supply indicators 197land area 74national reports 516population 74progress on Agenda 21 525progress towards Goals 529tourism 16water availability per person 74water quality indicator 140water source protection in 149Israel–Jordan treaty 313Istanbul Declaration on HumanSettlements 26Italycities 162, 163, 164desalination plants 90food supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 235land area 72national reports 516population 72, 235progress on Agenda 21 523risk-based water management 280threatened freshwater fish species141water availability per person 72water prices 338water quality indicator 140Ivory Coast see Côte d’IvoireJJakarta (Indonesia) 162, 341Jamaicafood supply indicators 197industrial water efficiency 235land area 72national reports 516population 72, 235progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 72water quality indicator 140Japancities 162, 163drought conciliation 298earthquake 276flood mitigation measures 176,283food supply indicators 197GDP per capita 359ICT expenditure 365land area 72legislation 332, 374, 489, 490,491, 492national reports 516non-native species in freshwaterecosystems 138, 486, 488population 72progress on Agenda 21 522scientists and engineers in R&D359threatened freshwater fish species141water availability per person 72water governance 297, 332, 374,489–91water quality indicator 140water rights 332, 489–90see also Greater Tokyo river basinsJapanese encephalitis 103, 108, 512control measures 118deaths due to 104and irrigation schemes 219Java Sea, mining-related risks 243Johannesburg Declaration onSustainable Development (2002)28
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A joint report by thetwenty three U
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16Table of contentsGeneral Context
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