Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

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4Table of contentsMeasuring Water Resources 67Table 4.1: The distribution of water across the globe 68Figure 4.1: The global hydrological network by type 68Figure 4.2: Water availability versus population 69Table 4.2: Water availability per person per year 70The Natural Water CycleBy: UNESCO (United NationsEducational, Scientificand Cultural Organization) /WMO (World MeteorologicalOrganization)Global Hydrology and Water Resources 75Map 4.1: Long-term average water resources according to drainage basins 75Climate change 76Precipitation 76Map 4.2: Mean annual precipitation 77Evaporation 77Soil moisture 77Groundwater 78The science base: from maps to models 78A vast reservoir of freshwater 78Table 4.3: Some large aquifers of the world 79Map 4.3: Groundwater resources of the world 79The boom in groundwater resource exploitation 78Table 4.4: Groundwater use for agricultural irrigation in selected nations 80Aquifer replenishment – controls and uncertainties 80Figure 4.3: Typical groundwater flow regimes and residence times undersemi-arid climatic conditions 80Groundwater development: the risk of unsustainability 80Table 4.5: Groundwater exploitation and associated problems 81Natural groundwater quality problems 81Vulnerability of aquifers to pollution 81The future: management and monitoring needs 82Glaciers and ice sheets 82Lakes and reservoirs 82Table 4.6: The world’s largest reservoirs 83River flows 83Map 4.4: Long-term average runoff on a global grid 84Table 4.7: The largest rivers in the world by mean annual discharge withtheir loads 85
6 4 / A L O O K A T T H E W O R L D ’ S F R E S H W A T E R R E S O U R C E SThe Natural Water CycleWater quality 85Table 4.8: The chemical composition of average river water(concentration in milligrams/litre) 85Table 4.9: The world’s major water quality issues 86Human impacts on water resources 87Map 4.5: Sediment load by basin 88Desalinated water resources 89The Regional Dimension 90Africa 90Asia 90Europe 90Latin America and the Caribbean 91North America 91Oceania 92Conclusions 92References 93Some Useful Web Sites 95
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A joint report by thetwenty three U
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Lists of Figures, Maps, Boxes & Tab
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F I G U R E S / V9.1: Competing wat
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B O X E S / VII19.1: Seine-Normandy
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T A B L E S / XIII5.3: Africa, Asia
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X X/ P R E L I M I N A R YPrologueP
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iWater is an essential element of d
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6Table of contentsSignificance of F
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P R O T E C T I N G E C O S Y S T E
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8 BoxTable of contents8.1: The righ
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S E C U R I N G F O O D F O R A G R
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Table 8.1: National values of key i
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2 7 0 / M A N A G E M E N T C H A L
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G O V E R N I N G W A T E R W I S E
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14 HolisticTable of contentsThinkin
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E N S U R I N G T H E K N O W L E D
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16Table of contentsGeneral Context
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C H A O P H R A Y A R I V E R B A S
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L A K E P E I P S I / C H U D S K O
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18 GeneralRuhuna Basins,Sri LankaTa
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S E I N E - N O R M A N D Y B A S I
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S E N E G A L R I V E R B A S I N ,
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21Lake Titicaca Basin,Bolivia and P
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L A K E T I T I C A C A B A S I N ,
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G R E A T E R T O KY O , J A P A N
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viNo intro text supplied for part V
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5 0 2 / F I T T I N G T H E P I E C
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The World’s Water Crisis: Fitting
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5 3 6 / A N N E X E SAnnexesAcronym
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538 / A N N E X E SAcronymsSAGEs:Lo
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5 4 0 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
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5 4 2 / A N N E X E SSome Other Glo
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544 / A N N E X E SIndexwater avail
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546 / A N N E X E SIndexagriculture
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548 / A N N E X E SIndexCongo, Repu
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550 / A N N E X E SIndexnational re
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552 / A N N E X E SIndexFisheries G
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554 / A N N E X E SIndexsustainabil
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556 / A N N E X E SIndexwater quali
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558 / A N N E X E SIndexJohannesbur
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560 / A N N E X E SIndexMMacao, eff
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562 / A N N E X E SIndexland area 7
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566 / A N N E X E SIndexin rivers 8
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568 / A N N E X E SIndexsolid waste
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570 / A N N E X E SIndexconflicts a
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572 / A N N E X E SIndexprogress to
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574 / A N N E X E SIndexwetlandsCon
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5 7 6 / A N N E X E SCreditsPhotogr
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