Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

2 7 6 / M A N A G E M E N T C H A L L E N G E S : S T E W A R D S H I P A N D G O V E R N A N C EMitigating Risk and Coping with UncertaintyTable 11.2: Severe natural disasters and their effects since 1994Economic Insuredloss lossYear Date Event Area Deaths US$M US$M Remarks1994 Summer Flooding China, whole country 1,700 >7,800 Landslides; broken dams; over 2 million dwellingsdestroyed; 50,000 km 2 of crops destroyed; 85 millionaffected1995 7 Jan. Earthquake Japan: Kobe 6,348 100,000 3,000 RS 7.2; 150,000 buildings destroyed; 37,000 injured;310,000 homelessMay–July Flooding China: south 1,390 6,700 70 Over 1.1 million houses destroyed; 3.9 million damaged;severe damage to infrastructure; about 3,400 injured13 May Earthquake Russia: Sachalin 1,841 100 RS 7.6; numerous blocks of buildings collapsed; oilpipelines and production plants damaged; damage toinfrastructure1996 27 June– Flooding, China: central, 2,700 24,000 445 Worst floods in 150 years; bridges, dams and over13 Aug. debris flows south, west 5 million buildings destroyed; 8,000 factories affected(production stopped); damage to agriculture,infrastructure and supply facilities1997 10 May Earthquake Iran: north-east; 1,573 500 RS 7.1; damage in 147 villages; over 100,000 homelessAfghanistan: west15 July– Floods Myanmar: central, south-east, 1,000 Monsoon rain; over 6,000 houses destroyed; two million15 Sept. south, esp. Pegu affectedOct.–Nov. Flooding Kenya: east; 1,850 2 Damage to over 9,000 buildings, roads and bridges; largeSomalia: central, southareas cut off; food stores destroyed; water supply cut;over 250,000 people homeless1998 4 Feb. Earthquake Afghanistan: north, Rostaq c. 4,600 RS 6.1; affected region isolated; 28 villages destroyed15 May– Heatwave India: north-west, esp. 3,028 Temperature up to 49°C; severest heatwave in fifty years16 June Rajasthan30 May Earthquake Afghanistan: north, Rostaq c. 4,500 RS 7.1; 90 villages destroyed or severely damaged9–11 June Cyclone India: west, Gujarat, Kandia 10,000 1,700 400 Gusts up to 185 km/h; waves up to 10 metres; stormsurge; 170,000 houses damaged/destroyed; major lossesto ports, storage buildings, oil tanks, salt fields, factoriesand wind parks; severe losses to power supply10 June– Floods Bangladesh: central, north, 4,750 5,020 Worst floods in decades; 60,000 km 2 of land submerged;30 Sept. south; India: north, north-east, 1.2 million houses damaged; severe losses to agriculture,esp. Assam, west Bengal;livestock and infrastructure; epidemics (hundreds ofNepal: east, westdeaths); 66 million people affected15 Sept.– Hurricane Caribbean: esp. Puerto Rico, >4,000 10,000 3,300 Gusts up to 260 km/h; hundreds of thousands of houses1 Oct. George Dominican Republic, Haiti; destroyed; losses to hotels, houseboats and yachts, andUnited States: Florida,to agriculture and forestry; major losses to theAlabama, Missouri, Louisianainfrastructure, esp. power supply22 Oct.– Hurricane Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, 9,200 7,000 150 Wind speeds up to 340 km/h; fourth most powerful5 Nov. Mitch El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Atlantic hurricane of the twentieth century; 70 percent ofCosta Rica, Panama, United StatesHonduras’s and Nicaragua’s infrastructure severelydamaged; five villages destroyed by mudslide from Casilavolcano; major losses to agriculture; economic situationseverely affected; 8,000 missing1999 25 Jan. Earthquake Colombia: central, Quindo, 1,185 1,500 150 RS 6.2; 80,000 houses damaged or destroyed; severeCaterera, Armenia, Pereiradamage to infrastructure17 Aug. Earthquake Turkey: north-west, Izmit, >17,200 12,000 600 RS 7.4; 270,000 houses, businesses damaged orKocaeliheavy damage in the industrial sector; thousandsdestroyed; missing; 44,000 injured; 600,000 homeless20 Sept. Earthquake Taiwan: central, Nantou, 2,474 14,000 850 RS 7.6; thousands of aftershocks; landslides; >50,000Chichibuildings badly damaged/destroyed; 6 million householdswithout electricity; severe damage to infrastructure;310,000 homeless; 11,000 injured