Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

S I G N I N G P R O G R E S S : I N D I C A T O R S M A R K T H E W A Y / 4 7Table 3.4: List of indicators used in the first edition of WWDR and indicators that will be developed in the futureChallenge area Indicators used Future indicatorsDrivers • Consumption: developing vs. developed world • National and subnational indicators of major drivers• Incidence of worms, scabies, trachoma, diarrhoea• Human Poverty Index: 5 indicators• Withdrawals: % of total annual renewable freshwater• Evapotranspiration: % used by humans• Runoff: % used by humans• Water shortages: no. of people and countries affected, no. countriesunable to supply minimum drinking water• Wetlands: % threatened• Transboundary rivers: % population dependent on Internal renewablewater resources• Polluted water: % of population exposed to pollution indicators:coliforms, industrial substances, acid, heavy metals, ammonia,nitrates, pesticides, sediments, salinization• Natural disasters: deaths from water-related causes, number of floods• Lifestyle indicator: summer watering of gardens, availability ofcertain foods year round• Precipitation changes in north and south• Precipitation-related disasters: death and property damage• Mentions of water in international agenda, WB, GEF, WSSD• Ministerial statements mentioning waterWater cycle • Long-term average water resources • Use/yield {Yield = f(Q, variability in both space and time,(chapter 4) • Global hydrological network storage)}• Country data on water resources• PDSI or aridity index (moisture index)• Water availability versus population• Organic pollutants load• Mean annual precipitation• Biological contaminants (E. coli/thermo-tolerant coliform)• World maximum point rainfalls for different durations• UNESCO/IAEA/IAH/ECE Groundwater Index• World’s largest groundwater systems• Water stress threshold map• Groundwater use for agricultural irrigation• Naturally occurring inorganic contaminants fluor and arsenic• Annual flows to the world’s oceans• Largest rivers in the world by mean annual discharge with their loads• Countries using the largest quantities of desalinatedwater and treated wastewaterPromoting health • Distribution of unserved people – water supply • Burden of water-associated diseases (expressed in DALYs)(chapter 5) • Distribution of unserved people – sanitation with Comparative Risk Assessment• Actual and total water supply coverage, global, urban and• Fraction of the burden of ill-health resulting from nutritionalrural breakdowndeficiencies, attributable to water scarcity impacts on food supply• Actual and total sanitation coverage, global, urban and rural • Access to improved drinking water sources and extension of pipedbreakdownwater supply• Incidence of cholera in the world• Investment in drinking water supply and sanitation• Percentage of Health Impact Assessments (HIA) of water resourcesdevelopment and compliance with HIA recommendationsProtecting • Degree of river fragmentation • Uptake of strategies/legislation uptake for environmental protectionecosystems • Terrestrial Wilderness Index • Reporting procedures in place at national level(chapter 6) • Land converted to agriculture • Sites/species afforded protection by legislation• Area of wetland drained• Restoration schemes• Hydrological indicators (flow, etc.)• Formation and empowerment of regulatory or other institutions• Emissions of water pollutants by sector• Compliance with water quality standards for key pollutants• Biological water quality (based on community response)• Biological assessment (perturbation from reference condition)