Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

I N D E X / 549deforestation, effects 8, 274, 275,394Delhi (India) 162, 174, 341Delors Commission on Education forthe 21st Century 352demand-side water managementbenefits 181–2comparison of differentapproaches 183definition 181and health aspects 182and industrial uses 228measures 182and urban poor 181–3and valuing water 333, 334demographic changes 160, 250Demographic Health Surveys (DHS)113dengue fever 103, 108control measures 122deaths due to 104sources of infection 108, 170Denmarkcities 164environmental economics 149food supply indicators 196industrial water efficiency 235land area 73national reports 515population 73, 235progress on Agenda 21 523water availability per person 73water prices 338water quality indicator 140Department for InternationalDevelopment (DFID), poverty model7Desaguadero River (Bolivia) 466, 470,470water quality data 471see alsoTiticaca–Desaguadero–Poopó–Coipasa Salt Lake (TDPS) systemdesalinated water resources 89–90global market value 89global total 89as percentage of world resources89desalination plantscombined with power plants89–90in various countries 89, 298, 424desalination processes 89multi-effect distillation 89multi-stage flash distillation 89reverse osmosis 89descriptive indicators 34desertificationfactors affecting 275topics related to (web site) 290deserts 76, 77water resources in 77, 210developing countriesaccess to media 363food imports by 202, 511organic pollutants in 238, 244primary education enrolment ratios350small-scale hydropower plants259, 261water use efficiency 208devolution see decentralizationDhaka (Bangladesh) 160access to water and sanitation171population 162water prices 341Diama dam 214, 453, 456, 459diarrhoeal diseases 102–3causes 102, 105, 169, 459in cities 169control measures 105, 117, 122deaths due to 102, 104, 508effects on health 169in squatter settlements 169digital terrain modelling 69Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY)indicator 40–1, 103in cost–benefit analysis 119for deficient watersupply/sanitation/hygiene 508for diarrhoeal diseases 104, 105for malaria 104, 508disastersdeaths due to 12, 271, 273, 274,275–7, 509, 511, 512economic losses due to 509effects 275–8forecasting 117meaning of term 279responding to 278–84trends 273types 274–5see also water-related disastersdischarge-gauging stationsdeteriorating state of monitoringnetwork 50–1, 356numbers 68diseasesMillennium Development Goal on9water-associated 102–8, 423,459–60disinfection of drinking water 119Djibouti, Republic offood supply indicators 196land area 74national reports 515population 74progress on Agenda 21 521progress towards Goals 532water availability per person 74domestic use of water, in competitionwith other uses 228domestic water, meaning of term 114domestic water storage containers,health risks 108, 170Dominica, Commonwealth offood supply indicators 196progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 530Dominican Republicaccess to electricity 253cities 163food supply indicators 196industrial water efficiency 235land area 73national reports 515population 73, 235progress on Agenda 21 524progress towards Goals 531water availability per person 73water quality indicator 140Doñana National Park (Spain) 147dracunculiasis 103, 114see also Guinea worm diseasedrainage basin(s)mapsindustrial water use 238sector causing water stress295sediment loading 88water resources 75see also river basin(s)drinking waterbasic daily need 121chlorine treatment of 119, 120cyanobacterial toxins in 118disinfection at point of use 119global health gain due to 120Millennium Development Goal on110–12, 508quality management 115–16WHO Guidelines 87, 106, 122drip irrigation 16, 217driving force indicators 44example of use 45driving force–pressure–state–exposure–effects–action (DPSEEA) approachto indicator development 40driving force–pressure–state–impact–response (DPSIR) approach toindicator development 40, 42, 44example of use 45see also driving force indicators;impact indicators; pressureindicators; response indicators;state indicatorsdriving force–state–response (DSR)approach to indicator development40drought conciliation councils, in Japan298, 491drought mitigation strategies 283–4,423, 442drought stress threshold indicator,Nile Basin 56droughts 12, 275effects of global warming 76incidents listed for variouscountries 275managing 283–4in Sri Lanka 423web sites on 290drowning 103deaths due to 104Dublin Statement on Water andSustainable Development (1992)17–18, 25, 130, 326, 352EEarth Day Network, ecologicalfootprint indicator 42Earth Summit see United NationsConference on Environment andDevelopment (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)earth systems modelling datagrowth in observations 57incorporation into water resourceassessment 57earthquakessevere disasters listed 276trends 273EarthTrends (WRI web site/portal) 155Earthwatch system 358East Asiafood consumption 200irrigated area 206number of undernourished people210progress on MillenniumDevelopment Goals 526, 527,528urban population 14East Europe, progress on MillenniumDevelopment Goals 526, 527, 528East Timorfood supply indicators 196