Water for people.pdf - WHO Thailand Digital Repository

C I T I E S : C O M P E T I N G N E E D S I N A N U R B A N E N V I R O N M E N T / 1 6 5Table 7.2: continuedSize Urban centre Country Population (millions)315 Tianshui China 1.187316 Suzhou China 1.183317 Shantou China 1.176318 Omsk Russian Federation 1.174319 Ningbo China 1.173320 Panama City Panama 1.173321 Yuzhou China 1.173322 Bursa Turkey 1.166323 Datong China 1.165324 Mogadishu Somalia 1.157325 Jingmen China 1.153326 Amman Jordan 1.148327 Davao Philippines 1.146328 Meerut India 1.143329 West Palm Beach- United States of America 1.143Boca Raton-Delray Beach330 Leshan China 1.137331 Brussels Belgium 1.135332 Samara Russian Federation 1.132333 Mosul Iraq 1.131334 Shenzhen China 1.131335 Almaty Kazakhstan 1.130336 Wuxi China 1.127337 Shiraz Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.124338 Xiaoshan China 1.124339 Zaoyang China 1.121340 Goiania Brazil 1.117341 Nashik India 1.117342 Bamako Mali 1.114343 Yixing China 1.108344 Amsterdam Netherlands 1.105345 Auckland New Zealand 1.102346 Ufa Russian Federation 1.102347 Jabalpur India 1.100348 Maracay Venezuela 1.100349 Yongzhou China 1.097350 Maputo Mozambique 1.094351 Adana Turkey 1.091Size Urban centre Country Population (millions)352 Chifeng China 1.087353 Jamshedpur India 1.081354 Ottawa Canada 1.081355 New Orleans United States of America 1.079356 Rotterdam Netherlands 1.078357 Huzhou China 1.077358 Daqing China 1.076359 Zigong China 1.072360 Phnom-Penh Cambodia 1.070361 Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine 1.069362 Columbus United States of America 1.067363 Zagreb Croatia 1.067364 Peshawar Pakistan 1.066365 Asansol India 1.065366 Mianyang China 1.065367 Adelaide Australia 1.064368 Kazan Russian Federation 1.063369 Santa Cruz Bolivia 1.062370 Aachen Germany 1.060371 Nanchong China 1.055372 Lodz Poland 1.053373 Ujung Pandang Indonesia 1.051374 Dhanbad India 1.046375 Chelyabinsk Russian Federation 1.045376 Karaj Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.044377 Allahabad India 1.035378 Rajshahi Bangladesh 1.035379 Fuyu China 1.025380 Nampo Dem. People’s Republic of Korea 1.022381 Jining China 1.019382 Faridabad India 1.018383 Rostov-On-Don Russian Federation 1.012384 Torreon Mexico 1.012385 Managua Nicaragua 1.009386 Indianapolis United States of America 1.008387 Donetsk Ukraine 1.007388 Port Elizabeth South Africa 1.006389 Volgograd Russian Federation 1.000Source: UN, 2002.Cities rarely develop with careful water and wastewatermanagement and the governance structures these require. Most citiesthat today enjoy good water systems have histories ofmismanagement and crisis, and only developed their water supply andwastewater management systems in response to the water problemsgenerated by growth and accelerated by industrial development.The availability of water has always been an important influenceon where cities grow. Although many other factors have or oncehad importance for underpinning urban development in what aretoday large urban centres, cities grow because enterprises chooseto concentrate there and people respond to the resultingconcentration of jobs or other economic opportunities by movingthere. City populations also grow through natural increase.Most cities initially expanded with little government attentiongiven to ensuring continued water availability and wastewatermanagement. The process by which water was obtained andwastewater disposed of was (and often still is) a chaotic and poorlymanaged process, with each user seeking the cheapest source ofwater. For instance, it is common for users and even water utilitiesto draw on groundwater, with neither regulation nor coordination.