142 • <strong>Truth</strong> & Reconciliation Commission100. Miller, Compact, Contract, Covenant, 164–165.101. Morris, Treaties of Canada, 202.102. In Canada, <strong>the</strong> Indian Act had been preceded by <strong>the</strong> 1868 Act to provide <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> organizationof <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>the</strong> Secretary of State of Canada and <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Administration of <strong>the</strong> Affairsof <strong>the</strong> Indians, and <strong>the</strong> 1869 An Act <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> gradual enfranchisement of Indians.103. An Act to amend and consolidate <strong>the</strong> laws respecting Indians, Statutes of Canada 1876, chapter18.104. Miller, Skyscrapers Hide <strong>the</strong> Heavens, 255.105. Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6810, file 470-2-3, volume 7, Evidence of D.C. Scott to <strong>the</strong> Special Committee of <strong>the</strong> House of Commons Investigating <strong>the</strong> Indian Actamendments of 1920, (L-2)(N-3).106. For <strong>the</strong> banning of <strong>the</strong> Potlatch, see: LaViolette, Struggle <strong>for</strong> Survival, 41–42; Cole andChaikin, Iron Hand, 16–17, 95. For <strong>the</strong> banning of <strong>the</strong> Thirst Dance, see: Pettipas, Severing <strong>the</strong>Ties, 53–54, 95–96.107. For examples, see: LaViolette, Struggle <strong>for</strong> Survival, 41–42; Cole and Chaikin, Iron Hand,16–17, 95; TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 3825, file 60511-1, J. Hugonardto Indian Commissioner, 23 November 1903. [RCA-011007-0001]108. Canada, Sessional Papers 1885, number 116. F., 95–96, J. S. Dennis to Sir John A. Macdonald,20 December 1878.109. Davin, Report on Industrial Schools, 14.110. Driver, “Discipline Without Frontiers?,” 282.111. Parker, Uprooted, 190.112. Su<strong>the</strong>rland, Children in English-Canadian Society, 100.113. Su<strong>the</strong>rland, Children in English-Canadian Society, 138.114. Fear-Segal, White Man’s Club, 186; Standing Bear, My People <strong>the</strong> Sioux, 123–133.115. Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1884 (<strong>for</strong> High River, 76; <strong>for</strong> Battle<strong>for</strong>d,154; <strong>for</strong> Qu’Appelle, 161).116. Canada, House of Commons Debates (22 May 1883), 1376.117. Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 3647, file 8128, Andsell Macrae, 18 December1886.118. Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1910, 273.119. Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1883, 104.120. Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 3924, file 116823, L. Vankoughnet to Sir John A.Macdonald, 15 March 1886.121. TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6001, file 1-1-1, part 1, Privy CouncilOrder Number 1278, 7 June 1888; [PLD-007312] Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume3819, file 58418, J. Hugonnard to Hayter Reed, 11 May 1889; [PLD-009475] Library andArchives Canada, RG10, volume 3675, file 11422-4, J. Hugonnard to E. Dewdney, 5 May 1891.[PLD-009435]122. TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 3879, file 91833, Order-in-Council, 22October 1892. [RIS-000354]123. For <strong>the</strong> admission of infected children, see: TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10,volume 4037, file 317021, T. Ferrier to <strong>the</strong> editor, 23 November 1907. [RCA-000315]124. For details, see: Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1904, xxvii–xxviii;TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, MG17, B2, Class ‘G’ C.1/P.2, Church MissionarySociety, “Resolutions Regarding <strong>the</strong> Administration of <strong>the</strong> North-West Canada Missions,”
The history • 1437 April 1903; [PAR-003622] Blake, Don’t you hear; TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada,RG10, volume 3928, file 117004-1, “Report on Indian Missions and Schools,” Presented to<strong>the</strong> Diocesan Synod, Diocese of Calgary, J. W. Tims, August 1908; [OLD-008159] The UnitedChurch of Canada Archives, Toronto, Acc. No. 1979.199C, box 5, file 68, “Report of <strong>the</strong> Synod’sCommission on Indian Affairs,” 5 December 1904; [RIS-000246] TRC, NRA, Library andArchives Canada, RG10, volume 6039, file 160-1, part 1, Frank Pedley to Reverend and dearsirs, 21 March 1908; [AEMR-120155] TRC, NRA, Anglican Church of Canada, General SynodArchives, ACC-MSCC-GS 75-103, series 3:1, box 48, file 3, Frank Pedley to Norman Tucker, 26March 1909; [AAC-090228] Archives of Saskatchewan, MacKay Papers, Frank Oliver, “Letterto S. H. Blake, 28 January, 1908,” quoted in Wasylow, “History of Battle<strong>for</strong>d Industrial School,”225–226; Anglican Church General Synod Archives, 75-103, series 2-14, Frank Oliver to A.G. G., 28 January 1908, quoted in Gull, “‘Indian Policy,’” 15; TRC, NRA, Anglican Church ofCanada, General Synod Archives, ACC-MSCC-GS 75-103, series 3:1, box 48, file 3, Lettersigned by S. H. Blake, Andrew Baird, Hamilton Cassels, T. Ferrier, R. F. MacKay, 22 May 1908;[AAC-090192] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6039, file 160-1, part1, Frank Pedley to Frank Oliver, 9 April 1908; [AEMR-120157] TRC, NRA, Anglican Church ofCanada, General Synod Archives, ACC-MSCC-GS 75-103, series 3:1, box 48, file 3, “Report of<strong>the</strong> Sub-Committee of <strong>the</strong> Advisory Board On Indian Education,” n.d.; [AAC-090231] TRC,NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 3919, file 116751-1A, J. B. Magnan to D.Laird, 12 December 1902; [SBR-003409] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10,volume 3919, file 116751-1A, Clif<strong>for</strong>d Sifton to Governor General in Council, 23 December1903; [FAR-000095] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6039, file 160-1,part 1, Frank Pedley to Mr. Oliver, 30 May 1908; [120.00294] TRC, NRA, Library and ArchivesCanada, RG10, volume 6327, file 660-1, part 1, J. Hugonnard to Frank Oliver, 28 March 1908;[PLD-007334] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6039, file 160-1, part1, Superintendent General of Indian Affairs to T. Ferrier, 18 July 1908; [AEMR-016328] TRC,NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6039, file 160-1, part 1, Heron to FrankOliver, 16 February 1909; [AEMR-120164] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10,volume 6039, file 160-4, part 1, Association of Indian Workers to Frank Oliver, 19 February1909; [AEMR-016332] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, FA 10-17, volume 6041,file 160-5, part 1, 1905–1934, Emile Legal to Frank Pedley, 20 July 1908; [AEMR-254243] TRC,NRA, Anglican Church of Canada, General Synod Archives, ACC-MSCC-GS 75-103, series 3:1,box 48, file 3, Arthur Barner to S. H. Blake, 16 February 1909. [AAC-090206]125. For <strong>the</strong> initial improvement, see: TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume6032, file 150-40A, part 1, Headquarters – Compulsory Attendance of Pupils – Indian Schools,1904–1933, Microfilm reel C-8149, FA 10-17, “Re: Per Capita Grants at Indian ResidentialSchools,” Russell Ferrier, 5 April 1932. [120.18050] For an example of <strong>the</strong> impact of inflation,see: TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 6468, file 890-1, part 1, J. Welchto D. C. Scott, 28 July 1916. [MIS-001473] For cuts in <strong>the</strong> 1930s, see: TRC, NRA, AnglicanChurch of Canada, General Synod Archives, ACC-MSCC-GS 75-103, series 2.15, box 27, file1, The Joint Delegation and Interview with <strong>the</strong> Prime Minister, 20 December 1934; [AAC-087280] TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 7185, file 1/25-1-7-1, part 1,Harold McGill to Church Officers, Principals of Indian Residential Schools, 22 February 1933.[AEMR-255373]126. TRC, NRA, Library and Archives Canada, RG10, volume 7185, file 1/25-1-7-?, part 1, R. A.Hoey to Dr. McGill, 4 November 1938. [AEMR-120432]
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