386 • <strong>Truth</strong> & Reconciliation Commissionin order to become more responsive to Indigenous rights. These include: a) moving beyond astate-centric approach; b) moving beyond an individualistic <strong>for</strong>m of analysis; c) moving beyonda focus only on recent violations; and d) moving beyond an overreliance on archival andwritten sources. See: International Center <strong>for</strong> Transitional Justice, “Streng<strong>the</strong>ning IndigenousRights,” 3–5, https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-<strong>Truth</strong>-Seeking-Indigenous-Rights-2012-English.pdf.185. Chamberlin, If This Is Your Land, 238–239.186. Schirch, Ritual and Symbol, 1–2.187. <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, “Atlantic National Event Concept Paper,”4, http://www.myrobust.com/websites/atlantic/File/Concept%20Paper%20atlantic%20august%2010%20km_cp%20_3_.pdf.188. In 2015, <strong>the</strong> Bentwood Box was on temporary loan to <strong>the</strong> Canadian Museum <strong>for</strong> HumanRights, where it was part of a public exhibit.189. Campbell, “Remembering <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Future</strong>,” 30. See also: Campbell, Our Faithfulness to <strong>the</strong> Past.190. Qwul’sih’yah’maht (Thomas), “<strong>Honouring</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oral Traditions,” 253.191. TRC, AVS, Charles Cardinal, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,St. Paul, Alberta, 7 January 2011, Statement Number: 01-AB-06JA11-005.192. TRC, AVS, Laurie McDonald, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Beausejour, Manitoba, 4 September 2010, Statement Number: 01-MB-3-6SE10-005.193. TRC, AVS, Victoria Grant-Boucher, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission ofCanada, Ottawa, Ontario, 25 February 2011, Statement Number: 01-ON-05-FE11-004.194. TRC, AVS, Desarae Eashappie, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission ofCanada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 19 June 2010, Statement Number: SC112.195. Regan, Unsettling <strong>the</strong> Settler Within, 13.196. TRC, AVS, Florence Kaefer, Statement to <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Winnipeg, Manitoba, 18 June 2010, Statement Number: SC111.197. “Teacher Seeks Healing through <strong>Truth</strong> Commission,” CBC News, Manitoba, June 18, 2010,http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2010/06/18/mb-truth-reconciliation-healing-teachers-winnipeg.html.198. TRC, AVS, Jack Lee, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg,Manitoba, 18 June 2010, Statement Number: SC111.199. TRC, AVS, Mark DeWolf, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Halifax, Nova Scotia, 28 October 2011, Statement Number: SC075.200. TRC, AVS, Tina Keeper, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 24 June 2013, Statement Number: SNE403.201. TRC, AVS, <strong>the</strong> Right Honourable Paul Martin, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and ReconciliationCommission of Canada, Montreal, Québec, 26 April 2013, Statement Number: QNE303.202. TRC, AVS, <strong>the</strong> Right Honourable Joe Clark, Statement to <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commissionof Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 23 June 2012, Statement Number: SNE301.203. TRC, AVS, Andy Scott, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 22 June 2012, Statement Number: SNE203.204. TRC, AVS, Therese Boullard, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Inuvik, Northwest Territories, 28 June 2011, Statement Number: NNE103.205. TRC, AVS, Ginelle Giacomin, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Winnipeg, Manitoba, 19 June 2010, Statement Number: SC112.206. See, <strong>for</strong> example: Cohen, Varea, and Walker, Acting Toge<strong>the</strong>r.
The challenge of reconciliation • 387207. van Erven and Gardner, “Per<strong>for</strong>ming Cross-Cultural Conversations,” 41. Quote from FrancoisMatarraso in correspondence with van Erven, March 19, 2008.208. David Garneau, artist, writer, curator, and professor of visual arts, makes this critical point.See: Garneau, “Imaginary Spaces,” 38.209. Garneau, “Imaginary Spaces,” 33–34.210. Archibald et al., Dancing, Singing, Painting, 18.211. Andrea Ratuski, “Residential School Art Series Awarded to U of M,” CBC News, September24, 2013, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/scene/residential-school-art-seriesawarded-to-u-of-m-1.1865994.212. Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, http://www.belkin.ubc.ca/past/witnesses (accessed16 April 2015); University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology, http://moa.ubc.ca/portfolio_page/speaking-to-memory/ (accessed 16 April 2015).213. Robertson, “Threads of Hope,” 87, 99–101.214. University of Winnipeg, “UWinnipeg Healing Quilt Gifted to TRC Commissioners,” 17 June2010, http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/index/uw-news-action/story.364/title.uwinnipeg-healing-quilt-gifted-to-trc-commissioner.215. Dewar et al., “Practicing Reconciliation,” 5–6.216. Full descriptions of <strong>the</strong> 2011–12 commemoration projects can be found online at:http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370974213551/1370974338097 (accessed 15 April2015). For 2012–13 commemoration projects, see: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370974253896/1370974471675 (accessed 15 April 2015).217. Hague defines place as “a geographic space that is defined by meanings, sentiments andstories ra<strong>the</strong>r than by a set of co-ordinates.” See: Cliff Hague, “Planning and Place Identity,”in Cliff Hague and Paul Jenkins, eds., Place Identity, Participation and Planning (New York,2005), 4, cited in Opp and Walsh, Placing Memory, 5.218. Alan S. Hale, “Treaty 3 Holds Commemoration Ceremony <strong>for</strong> Survivors of District ResidentialSchool System,” Kenora Daily Miner and News, March 25, 2014, http://www.kenoradailyminerandnews.com/2014/03/25/treaty-3-holds-commemoration-ceremony-<strong>for</strong>-survivors-of-district-residential-school-system.219. Debora Steel, “Alberni Residential Students Reunited with Childhood Art,” Ha-Shilth-Sa, 2April 2013, http://www.hashilthsa.com/news/2013-04-03/alberni-indian-residential-students-reunited-childhood-art.220. Judith Lavoie, “Paintings Bear Witness to B.C. Residential Schools’ Harsh Life,” VictoriaTimes-Colonist, March 31, 2013, http://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/paintings-bearwitness-to-b-c-residential-schools-harsh-life-1.101179.221. Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Development Canada, “Remembering <strong>the</strong> Past,”http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1332859355145/1332859433503.222. Christi Belcourt, Speech at dedication ceremony <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> stained-glass window on ParliamentHill, November 26, 2012, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn DevelopmentCanada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370613921985/1370613942308. Adetailed description of <strong>the</strong> window is available at: Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Nor<strong>the</strong>rnDevelopment Canada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1353338933878/1353338974873(accessed 30 March 2015).223. Commissioner Wilton Littlechild, Speech at dedication ceremony <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> stained-glass windowon Parliament Hill, November 26, 2012, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and
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