232 • <strong>Truth</strong> & Reconciliation Commissionwww.edmontonjournal.com/life/Deaths+Alberta+aboriginal+children+care+fluke+statistics/9212384/story.html(accessed 18 February 2014).25. Sinha and Kozlowski, “Structure of Aboriginal Child Welfare,” 4.26. Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Development Canada, Program Expenditures/Statistics,First Nations Child and Family Services Program Statistics, First Nationschildren ordinarily resident on reserve in care, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1382549135936/1382549233428 (accessed 1 May 2015).27. National Collaborating Centre <strong>for</strong> Aboriginal Health, Child and Youth Health, 3.28. Wien et al., “Keeping First Nations Children at Home,” 13.29. Blackstock et al., Wen: de: We Are Coming, 38.30. Blackstock et al., Wen: de: We Are Coming, 89–90.31. Cradock, “Extraordinary Costs,” 179.32. Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Development Canada, “Jordan’s Principle,” http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1334329827982/1334329861879 (accessed 3 January 2014).33. Pictou Landing Band Council v. Canada (Attorney General), 2013 FC 342 (CanLII), para. 82.34. Pictou Landing Band Council v. Canada (Attorney General), 2013 FC 342 (CanLII), para. 82.35. Fletcher, “Origins of <strong>the</strong> Indian Child Welfare Act,” 1, 4.36. Atwood, “Voice of <strong>the</strong> Indian Child,” 128.37. TRC, AVS, Doris Young, Statement to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Truth</strong> and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 22 June 2012, Statement Number: 2011-3517.38. Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1942, 154; Canada, Annual Reportof <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1943, 168; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Departmentof Indian Affairs, 1944, 177; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1945,190; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1946, 231; Canada, AnnualReport of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1947, 236; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Departmentof Indian Affairs, 1948, 234; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs,1949, 215; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1950, 86–87; Canada,Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1951, 34–35; Canada, Annual Report of<strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1952, 74–75; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department ofIndian Affairs, 1953, 82–83; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1954,88–89; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1955, 78–79; Canada,Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1956, 76–77; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong>Department of Indian Affairs, 1956–57, 88–89; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department ofIndian Affairs, 1958, 91; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1959, 94;Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1960, 94; Canada, Annual Reportof <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1961, 102; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department ofIndian Affairs, 1962, 73; Canada, Annual Report of <strong>the</strong> Department of Indian Affairs, 1963, 62.39. United Nations, Declaration on <strong>the</strong> Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Article 14:1, http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf.40. Bougie and Senecal, “Registered Indian Children’s School Success,” 21.41. Bougie and Senecal, “Registered Indian Children’s School Success,” 21.42. Canada, Statistics Canada, Educational Portrait of Canada, Census Year 2006, 6, 19.43. Canada, Statistics Canada Fact Sheet, 2011 National Household Survey Aboriginal Demographics,https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1376329205785/1376329233875.44. National Committee on Inuit Education, First Canadians, Canadians First, https://www.itk.ca/sites/default/files/National-Strategy-on-Inuit-Education-2011_0.pdf, 7; Penny, “Formal
• 233Educational Attainment,” 33; Canada, Statistics Canada, Educational attainment of Aboriginalpeoples, http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-012-x/99-012-x2011003_3-eng.pdf.45. Richards et al., Understanding <strong>the</strong> Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Gap, 1; Wilk et al., “Métis EducationalAttainment,” 51–52.46. Canadian Human Rights Commission, “Report on Equality Rights,” 3, 12, 32.47. Canada, Statistics Canada, Aboriginal People Living Off-reserve, 15.48. Canada, Statistics Canada, “Census Inuit Table: 89-636-x,” http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-636-x/89-636-x2008001-eng.htm.49. Joe Friesen, “Ottawa Failing to Include First Nations in Key Employment Data,” Globe andMail, 23 January 2015, http://www.<strong>the</strong>globeandmail.com/news/politics/unemploymentstats-missing-in-areas-where-job-training-is-a-priority/article22598523(accessed 1 May2015).50. Wilson and Macdonald, Income Gap, 8.51. Wilson and Macdonald, Income Gap, 4.52. Macdonald and Wilson, Poverty or Prosperity, 6.53. Wilson and Macdonald, Income Gap, 14.54. Canadian Human Rights Commission, Report on Equality Rights of Aboriginal People, 17. Thepoverty line is measured by <strong>the</strong> 2009 SLID Low-Income Measure (LIM).55. Canadian Human Rights Commission, Report on Equality Rights of Aboriginal People, 18–19.56. Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Re<strong>for</strong>ming First Nations Education,9.57. Canada, Department of Indian and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Affairs, “Indian Education Paper: Phase 1,”1982, as cited in Paquette and Fallon, First Nations Education Policy, 80.58. Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Re<strong>for</strong>ming First Nations Education,56.59. McCue, First Nations 2nd and 3rd Level Education Services, 52, http://www.afn.ca/uploads/files/education/9._2006_april_harvey_mccue_first_nations_2nd_&_3rd_level_services_paper.pdf.60. Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Re<strong>for</strong>ming First Nations Education,11; First Nations Education Council, Funding Formula <strong>for</strong> First Nation Schools, http://www.cepn-fnec.com/PDF/etudes_documents/fiche_complete_eng.pdf.61. Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Re<strong>for</strong>ming First Nations Education,11, 31.62. First Nations Education Council, Funding Formula <strong>for</strong> First Nation Schools, 1, http://www.cepn-fnec.com/PDF/etudes_documents/fiche_complete_eng.pdf.63. Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Re<strong>for</strong>ming First Nations Education,35.64. Canada, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Re<strong>for</strong>ming First Nations Education;Assembly of First Nations, National Panel on First Nation Elementary and Secondary Education<strong>for</strong> Students on Reserve, Nurturing <strong>the</strong> Learning Spirit, http://www.afn.ca/uploads/files/education2/national-panel.pdf; First Nations Education Council et al., Report on PriorityActions, http://www.cepnfnec.com/PDF/accueil/Report%20on%20Priority%20Actions%20in%20View%20of%20Improving%20First%20Nations%20Education%20-%20November%202011_eng_website%20version_.pdf.
- Page 1:
Honouring the Truth,Reconciling for
- Page 4 and 5:
This report is in the public domain
- Page 6 and 7:
vi • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 8 and 9:
2 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 10 and 11:
4 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 12 and 13:
6 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 14 and 15:
8 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 16 and 17:
10 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 18 and 19:
12 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 20 and 21:
14 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 22 and 23:
16 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 24 and 25:
18 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 26 and 27:
20 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 28 and 29:
22 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 30 and 31:
24 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 32 and 33:
26 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 34 and 35:
28 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 36 and 37:
30 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 38 and 39:
32 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 40 and 41:
34 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 42 and 43:
36 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 44 and 45:
38 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 46 and 47:
40 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 48 and 49:
42 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 50 and 51:
44 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 52 and 53:
46 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 54 and 55:
48 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 56 and 57:
50 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 58 and 59:
52 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 60 and 61:
54 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 62 and 63:
56 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 64 and 65:
58 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 66 and 67:
60 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 68 and 69:
62 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 70 and 71:
64 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 72 and 73:
66 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 74 and 75:
68 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 76 and 77:
70 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 78 and 79:
72 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 80 and 81:
74 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 82 and 83:
76 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 84 and 85:
78 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 86 and 87:
80 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 88 and 89:
82 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 90 and 91:
84 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 92 and 93:
86 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 94 and 95:
88 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 96 and 97:
90 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 98 and 99:
92 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 100 and 101:
94 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 102 and 103:
96 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 104 and 105:
98 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 106 and 107:
100 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 108 and 109:
102 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 110 and 111:
104 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 112 and 113:
106 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 114 and 115:
108 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 116 and 117:
110 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 118 and 119:
112 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 120 and 121:
114 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 122 and 123:
116 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 124 and 125:
118 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 126 and 127:
120 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 128 and 129:
122 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 130 and 131:
124 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 132 and 133:
126 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 134 and 135:
128 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 136 and 137:
130 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 138 and 139:
132 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 140 and 141:
134 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 142 and 143:
136 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 144 and 145:
138 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 146 and 147:
140 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 148 and 149:
142 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 150 and 151:
144 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 152 and 153:
146 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 154 and 155:
148 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 156 and 157:
150 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 158 and 159:
152 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 160 and 161:
154 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 162 and 163:
156 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 164 and 165:
158 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 166 and 167:
160 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 168 and 169:
162 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 170 and 171:
164 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 172 and 173:
166 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 174 and 175:
168 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 176 and 177:
170 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 178 and 179:
172 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 180 and 181:
174 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 182 and 183:
176 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 184 and 185:
178 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 186 and 187:
180 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 188 and 189: 182 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 190 and 191: 184 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 192 and 193: 186 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 194 and 195: 188 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 196 and 197: 190 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 198 and 199: 192 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 200 and 201: 194 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 202 and 203: 196 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 204 and 205: 198 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 206 and 207: 200 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 208 and 209: 202 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 210 and 211: 204 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 212 and 213: 206 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 214 and 215: 208 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 216 and 217: 210 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 218 and 219: 212 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 220 and 221: 214 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 222 and 223: 216 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 224 and 225: 218 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 226 and 227: 220 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 228 and 229: 222 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 230 and 231: 224 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 232 and 233: 226 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 234 and 235: 228 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 236 and 237: 230 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 240 and 241: 234 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 242 and 243: 236 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 244 and 245: 238 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 246 and 247: 240 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 248 and 249: 242 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 250 and 251: 244 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 252 and 253: 246 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 254 and 255: 248 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 256 and 257: 250 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 258 and 259: 252 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 260 and 261: 254 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 262 and 263: 256 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 264 and 265: 258 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 266 and 267: 260 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 268 and 269: 262 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 270 and 271: 264 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 272 and 273: 266 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 274 and 275: 268 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 276 and 277: 270 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 278 and 279: 272 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 280 and 281: 274 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 282 and 283: 276 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 284 and 285: 278 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 286 and 287: 280 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 288 and 289:
282 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 290 and 291:
284 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 292 and 293:
286 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 294 and 295:
288 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 296 and 297:
290 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 298 and 299:
292 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 300 and 301:
294 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 302 and 303:
296 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 304 and 305:
298 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 306 and 307:
300 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 308 and 309:
302 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 310 and 311:
304 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 312 and 313:
306 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 314 and 315:
308 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 316 and 317:
310 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 318 and 319:
312 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 320 and 321:
314 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 322 and 323:
316 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 324 and 325:
318 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 326 and 327:
320 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 328 and 329:
322 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 330 and 331:
324 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 332 and 333:
326 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 334 and 335:
328 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 336 and 337:
330 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 338 and 339:
332 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 340 and 341:
334 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 342 and 343:
336 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 344 and 345:
338 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 346 and 347:
340 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 348 and 349:
342 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 350 and 351:
344 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 352 and 353:
346 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 354 and 355:
348 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 356 and 357:
350 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 358 and 359:
352 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 360 and 361:
354 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 362 and 363:
356 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 364 and 365:
358 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 366 and 367:
360 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 368 and 369:
362 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 370 and 371:
364 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 372 and 373:
366 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 374 and 375:
368 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 376 and 377:
370 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 378 and 379:
372 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 380 and 381:
374 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 382 and 383:
376 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 384 and 385:
378 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 386 and 387:
380 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 388 and 389:
382 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 390 and 391:
384 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 392 and 393:
386 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 394 and 395:
388 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 396 and 397:
390 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 398 and 399:
392 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 400 and 401:
394 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 402 and 403:
396 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 404 and 405:
398 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 406 and 407:
400 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 408 and 409:
402 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 410 and 411:
404 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 412 and 413:
406 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 414 and 415:
408 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 416 and 417:
410 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 418:
412 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm