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Educational Psychology—Limitations and Possibilities

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662 The Praeger H<strong>and</strong>book of Education <strong>and</strong> Psychology<br />

the diverse knowledges, experiences, <strong>and</strong> accounts of history, ideas, <strong>and</strong> lived experiences <strong>and</strong><br />

struggles. Such possibilities require that the educator enacts <strong>and</strong> applies his or her agency in<br />

the classrooms. There must be accountability in terms of how educators can evoke power to<br />

address issues of minority schooling. In fact, in the contexts of schooling in North America<br />

there are multiple sites of power <strong>and</strong> accountability. Educators are urged to frame educational<br />

“praxis” in terms of agency <strong>and</strong> deliberation, as well as a constant confrontation of the varied<br />

forms of domination <strong>and</strong> subjugation in the schooling lives of youth. The implications of radical<br />

scholarship in Euro-American contexts today therefore are to theorize inclusive schooling work<br />

beyond the boundaries of adherence to the sacredness of educational activity. We must all develop<br />

an anticolonial awareness of how colonial relations are sustained <strong>and</strong> reproduced in schooling<br />

practices. To have a decolonized space requires a decolonized mind. Colonialism is situated in the<br />

psyche <strong>and</strong> we cannot create decolonized schools without decolonizing the minds that run them.<br />

We believe in political action for change. Consequently, there is power in working with resistant<br />

knowledge. Resistance starts by using received knowledges to ask critical questions about the<br />

nature of the social order. Resistance also means seeing “small acts” as cumulative <strong>and</strong> significant<br />

for social change (Abu-Lughod, 1990, pp. 41–55). It will for example require shifting away from<br />

Eurocentric/Western theorizing <strong>and</strong> discursive practices toward a radical lens that interrogates<br />

hegemonic discourses <strong>and</strong> centers the exigencies of the marginalized. It will mean embracing the<br />

epistemologies of anticolonial agency.<br />

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Women. American Ethnologists, 17(1), 41–55.<br />

Agrawal, A. (1995a). Dismantling the Divide between Indigenous <strong>and</strong> Scientific Knowledge. Development<br />

<strong>and</strong> Change, 26, 413–439.<br />

———. (1995b). Indigenous <strong>and</strong> Scientific Knowledge: Some Critical Comments. Indigenous Knowledge<br />

<strong>and</strong> Development Monitor, 3(3), 3–5.<br />

Asante, M. K. (2003). The Survival of the American Nation: Erasing Racism. New York: Prometheus Books.<br />

Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., <strong>and</strong> Tiffin, H., (Eds.). (1995). The Post-colonial Reader. New York: Routledge.<br />

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———. (1994). The Location of Culture. London Routledge.<br />

Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., <strong>and</strong> Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of<br />

<strong>Educational</strong> Objectives, H<strong>and</strong>book 1: Cognitive Domain. New York: McKay.<br />

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Brokensha, D., Warren, D. M., <strong>and</strong> Werner, O. (Eds.). (1980). Indigenous Knowledge Systems <strong>and</strong> Development.<br />

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———. (1970). National Liberation <strong>and</strong> Culture. The 1970 Eduardo Mondlane Lecture, Program of Eastern<br />

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Education Reform. In J. L. Kincheloe, S. R. Steinberg, <strong>and</strong> L. E. Villaverde (Eds.), Rethinking<br />

Intelligence: Confronting Psychological Assumptions about Teaching <strong>and</strong> Learning. NewYork:<br />

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