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128 SESSION II sense of “we-ness” are able to explore their visual experiences to see how they are seen by “others”, and how their actions and contributions influence the character of the community portrait as projected on screen. This unique reciprocity permits the audience to react to the animated product, participate in the visual process, and in the end, influence the artists to make adjustments to what they reveal about themselves; thus, they contribute to the formation of their community identity. Throughout its rich history, animation has been used both as a medium and message in various Asian societies. Asian animation was molded by utilizing the use of indigenous artistic styles and techniques, such as paper fold, paper-cut, ink and wash, shadow theatre, and localized plots based on literary, religious, or folkloric stories. Symbiotic relationship exists between animation and other mass media in Asia: in Japan, Anime, Manga and video games complement each other; Japanese Animes eventually evolve into live action films and television drama serials; Thai animated TV series Pang Pond is translated into comics and developed into a full-length format; Hong Kong musicians write and sing Cantonese versions of Anime theme songs; and other Asian artists, such as Lat of Malaysia, Nonoy Marcelo of the Philippines, Dwi Koendoro of Indonesia, or Pran of India adapt their print cartoon characters to the screen. Politically, filmed cartoons have served governmental and bureaucratic goals, particularly in China, Vietnam, and the Philippines; most Chinese animation stressed morals, such as wholehearted service to the people (The Panda’s Shop); and promoted campaigns; or exposed enemies of the state, such as the Gang of Four in One Night In An Art Gallery (1978). In the 1960s and early 1970s, Vietnamese cartoons carried wartime themes, such as those of The Kitty (1966), which depicted a kitten who successfully organizes against an army of invading rats, or The Talking Blackbird (1972), the story of a Vietnamese boy and his blackbird companion who together defeat the Americans. Ironically, it was the Marcos dictatorship that advanced animation in the Philippines, the type deemed useful to the administration, such as propagandizing for the presidency and its favorite projects. THE THAI ANIMATION INDUSTRY Overview Thailand is entering the global digital content marketplace—notably in the animation and computer game market segments—at a time when competitive forces are driving major companies to engage new pools Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows of affordable talent for animation, games development, digital video production, post-production, website design, special effects, and e-learning services. Thailand offers stability, incentives, and strong creative talent to meet these needs. These assets make it possible for the country to achieve near-term results in boosting exports and employment in digital content creation and related services, and to position the country in coming years as a leading creative hub in the Asian market. Thailand, however, remains in early stages of animation and computer game industry development relative to its regional competitors. Overall, its software and digital content exports in 2002 stood at approximately US$46.5 million, with digital content comprising 19% or roughly US$8.79 million. An estimated 1,000 animators and computer game development workers at present are employed, a majority of whom are producing for the regional and global market. During the past year, however, Thailand’s industry has grown substantially. Much of the growth has been driven by the rapid expansion in demand for digital special effects driven by the Thai film and television industry, which are beginning to win global recognition for the quality of their output. Several overseas film productions are shot in Thailand during the year and several noted directors work with the industry. Thailand’s Digital Content cluster has joined SIGGRAPH in an effort to create linkages with other firms and professionals in the multimedia industry. Thailand’s opportunity to make a success is benefiting from a convergence of both market and technology trends. On the demand side, popular response to “Finding Nemo”, “Lord of the Rings” and other movies relying on computer graphics is driving studios to expand output while keeping costs down. Technology advances in the production of computer animation and gaming are also driving the rapid growth and globalization of digital content firms. Notable developments in these areas include the following: • Lower costs in software and hardware, which reduce key cost barriers for expanded output of quality animation and graphics. The priceperformance of advanced authoring systems for digital content have fallen by factors of 20 or more over the past 10 years, and further progress will create a “level field” in which small creative teams operating on limited budgets will be able to produce animated content comparable in quality to large studios and production houses. • Plunging costs of international telecommunications, which enable individuals and firms specializing in
digital content creation to find clients and partners and interact with them more efficiently. Plunging costs of international and community-level telecommunications can bring pervasive telecommunications links to both urban and rural areas. High quality Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) links are enabling to drive international telecommunications costs to a few U.S. cents per minute. Exceptionally affordable Internet links are also becoming available via VSAT satellite dishes comparable in size and cost to TV broadcast receivers. The emergence of Wifi (802.x) systems means that this international bandwidth can be affordably shared at neighborhood levels. • Online workflow systems. Another driver of new offshore opportunities consists of innovations in management of projects and coordination of onshore/offshore teams. New workflow systems from companies such as Digital Production Solutions (DPS) have emerged to manage animation project teams across time zones and national boundaries. A spectrum of web-enabled tools for online meetings, project scheduling, task assignment and tracking are making it possible for small groups of individuals and specialists to cooperate effectively. • “Anytime, Anywhere” Learning and Certification. New e-learning systems have emerged to rapidly create and share online learning resources. Wherever bandwidth permits, short courses, workshops, seminars, and degree programs can be readily delivered - enabling students and practitioners to stay current as market conditions, skills, and technologies change. These online training resources help level the global playing field for countries seeking to rapidly develop skills to compete in global digital content creation and other ICT markets, by enabling technical, management, and language skills to permeate throughout developing countries at unprecedented speeds and at far lower cost than before. • Online Markets for Small and Medium-Size Entrepreneurs. Electronic marketplaces that offer immediate job opportunities to firms of all sizes, ranging from micro entrepreneurs to mid-range animation and gaming enterprises. A further impetus for rapid growth of digital content (and other ICT industries) is through improvement of business climates made possible by E-Government systems which offer the prospect of introducing unprecedented transparency, efficiency, and ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDER, AND ART 129 accountability in public sector operations as they relate to SMEs and other companies seeking to compete in global markets. Digital Content Cluster In 2004, the Thailand Competitiveness Initiative (TCI) and the Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA) of the Ministry of Information Technology and Communication (MICT) launched a Benchmarking Study for the Thai Animation Industry as compared to other relevant countries in the region. The mandate of this massive undertaking, which was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and conducted by J.E. Austin and Associates with key industry stakeholders such as ThomasIdea, Imagimax, Imagine Design, Cyberplanet, Jowit, Beboyd, SIPA, Silpakorn University, was to identify opportunities and strategies to assure Thai firms a more favorable business climate relative to nearby competitors, while assessing the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the Thai animation industry. As a result of this study, Thailand’s Digital Content Cluster has been formed to accelerate the growth of the country’s animation and computer game industries in order to compete in the global marketplace. The cluster has outlined key strategies and action items and developed supporting agenda in the areas of inter-firm cooperation and cluster linkages, skills development, marketing, business development, and business climate enhancement. Strengths and Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats Thailand stands out as a potential Asian leader in Digital Content industries. Its strengths include the existence of a creative and skilled talent pool with a rich tradition in the arts, and the emergence of local firms with world-class capabilities with thriving advertising and film industries. There is low geopolitical risk, and enjoys proximity to world’s next giant consumer markets such as China and India. Labor price is lower compared to several traditional high cost multimediaexporting nations, notably Korea and Japan. Most importantly, there is a strong government support in promoting skills formation in animation and digital content industries. Such strong national government commitment to cluster success is reflected in the success of Thailand Animation Multimedia (TAM) 2004 and the establishment of the Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA). However, in comparison with key competitors, Thailand lags behind in the following respects: Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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Page 113 and 114: But underlying all his views—KH G
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Page 119 and 120: Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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Page 127 and 128: of capitalism has led to an increas
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Page 133 and 134: In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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Page 141 and 142: CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
Page 143 and 144: that we can see more clearly the ar
Page 145 and 146: women; violence against women is no
Page 149 and 150: ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
Page 151 and 152: structural foundations to play thei
Page 153 and 154: Asian animation companies bid fierc
Page 155: Filipino parents, newspaper columni
Page 159 and 160: containing advice and insights on f
Page 161 and 162: devoted his time to produce the fir
Page 163 and 164: Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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Page 167 and 168: mind. GDH shared its production pro
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Page 173 and 174: y passion which was in fashion at t
Page 175 and 176: movies and other special effects fi
Page 177 and 178: Otaku culture is just like any othe
Page 179 and 180: Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
Page 181 and 182: ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
Page 185 and 186: Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
Page 187 and 188: and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
Page 189 and 190: CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
Page 191 and 192: great divide between availability a
Page 193 and 194: Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
Page 195 and 196: collected using a questionnaire, in
Page 197 and 198: Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
Page 199 and 200: Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
Page 201 and 202: CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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type 2 infection in the Philippines
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DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
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even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
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The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
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Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
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E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
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RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
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Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
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280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
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Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
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286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
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296 SESSION IV should understand th
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298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
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300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
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302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
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306 SESSION V a primitive community
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308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
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310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
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312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
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314 SESSION V Local administrations
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316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
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318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
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320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
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322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
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324 SESSION V no common activities
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326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
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328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
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330 SESSION V is still a question w
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332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
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334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
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336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
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338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
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340 SESSION V while at the same tim
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342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
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344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
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346 SESSION V on education is more
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348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
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350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
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352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
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424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
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426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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