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334 SESSION V land and expropriation in the case of private land. If comparing to Thailand, even the high price of land is the big problem for urban poor but the government has no measure to intervene the land market, the access to the land is preceded by the market price only. Thus in the case of the private land, it is very hard to solve. CONCLUSION This paper is to represent experiences and attempt of government unit to resolve the “problem” which, the author, does not ensure that the definition of this word will appropriate to use in their situation or not. Perhaps all the whole difficulties facing arisen from the bad emotion that the homeless are some kind of problem. Moreover, we may have further question on to whom this problem should belong, where it starts from, and who causes this. Especially, it is not accurate that for the government sector, they have the sincere motivation to elevate the homeless’ life quality, or their effort to demolish those homeless as if dirty articles of the city. The most worried point of this study is, if the government sectors claim all assistance supporting program raised, homeless people must accept all the conditions which will lead to the severe serious state such as the occurrence of eviction in Tokyo. Next study is about the review both in the case of the homeless in Tokyo or the squatted slums in Manila. Though there is the attempt to issue the specific act of law, with the positive objective, it brings the complex problem happen e.g. the right to eliminate homeless people out of their behold place with the policies settled, although those policies are made under the acceptance of the homeless or not. Like the case in the Philippines, the law allows government officers to evict slum community if the budget is approved and ready to run. The sharing point of these two case studies is to point out to the restriction of problem resolution under the condition of market factor. The problem on squatting land by slum community in the Philippines, represents clearly that the main obstacle in land price makes the poor cannot pay for the city’s land where in high price. The same to the homeless case in Japan, they are pushed to look for their own job under the circumstance of the elderly age effected and the less available position, causes them to be barricaded from the labor sources, and also unable to find the work and living place. For this reason, if we have truly awareness that the Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows problem cannot be settled by the market mechanism of capitalism solely, we have necessarily to seek for the optional way to manage in other vision and try to live along well in the society including the sharing opportunity of the poor to be in the same place. Anyhow, we ought to understand in differences of lifestyle and various reasons to push many people becoming the homeless. Though this understanding does not effect in concrete term, at least, it is the beginning step of participation, no discrimination or prejudice, and without excluding them from the city. Notes 1 In the process of this research in Tokyo,I wish to special thank to Prof. Yoshinori Murai, Director of Institue of Asian Cultures, Sophia University, Prof. Peter Shimokawa and Nojiren. I am sorry that I can not mention all their name here, Nevertheless, the limitations of the study are my responsibility. 2 The Japan Times, March 27, 2003:2 3 Shimokawa, 2003:46 4 Aoki , 2003:364-374 5 Kennett and Iwata, 2003:62-74 6 Okamoto et al. 2004:5 7 http://homepage3.nifty.com/shelter-less/english/ seravip.html 8 Yuasa, 2001:149 and The Japan Times, February 18, 1994:2 9 The Japan Times, January 25, 1996:1-2 10 The Japan Times, January 30, 1996:3 11 http://www.jca.apc.org/nojukusha and The Japan Times, February 8, 1998:2 12 Shimikawa, 2003:46 and The Japan Times, July 30, 2002:3 13 In the process of this research in the Philippines, I received much assistance from many organizations and individuals. I wish to express my special thanks to the community leaders who gave me their ideas and opinions. I am sorry that I can not mention all their names here, however, I would like to say thank you very much for Emmanuel Boy Marcelino of the Community Organizers Multiversity (COM) who gave me many suggestions and often discussed with me to improve my understanding. Nevertheless, the limitations of the study are my responsibility. 14 Karaos , Gatpatan and Hotz, 1995
REFERENCES Aoki, Hideo. 2003. Homelessness in Osaka: Globalizaion, Yoseba and Disemployment. In Urban Studies [(40: 2): 361-378]. Buendia, Rizal. 2002. Implementation of the Balancing Housing Development Provision of the Urban Development and Housing Act. Manila: Urban Research Consortium. Dizon, Ana Marie. 2000. The UDHA Challenge: Monitoring LGU Compliance, Issues and Developments in Local Housing. unpublished document. Gill, Tom. 1994. Sanya Street Life under the Heisei Recession. In Japan Quaterterly, July-September. Guzewicz, Tony D. 2000. Tokyo’s Homeless: A City in Denial. Nova Science Publication Inc. Karaos,Anna Marie, Marlene V. Gatpatan and Robert V. Hotz. 1995. Making a Difference: NGO and PO Policy Influence in Urban Land Reform Advocacy. Manila: Institute on Church and Social Issue. Karaos, Anna Marie A. 1997. Urban Governance and Poverty Alleviation in the Philippines. In Urban Governance and Poverty Alleviation in Southeast Asia: Trends and Prospects. Emma Porio (Ed). Manila: Ateneo de Manila University. Kennett, Patricia and Masami Iwata. 2003. Precariousness in Everyday Life: Homelessness in Japan. In International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (27: 1), March. Marcelino, Emmanuel Boy. 2004. Experiences of Multi- Level Advocacy on Pasig River Communities. unpublished document. Okamoto,Yoshihiro and Kazuo Hayakawa, Sadahisa Noguch, and Masumi Shinya. 2004. Homelessness and housing in Japan. International Conference Toronto, June 24 to 27, 2004. unpublished document. Shimokawa, Peter. 2003. Japan: As homeless in Japan increases, the Jjury is still out on whether the new homeless law is helping solve the problem, or just sweeping it out of sight. In Housing by People in Asia: Newsletter of Asian Coalition for Housing Right, No. 15, October. Yuasa, Makoto. 2001. Homeless movement in Tokyo. unpublished document. Newspaper Shinjuku homeless evicted, moved to temporary shelter. The Japan Times, February 18, 1994. Shinjuku homeless are forcibly evicted. The Japan Times, January 25, 1996. THE EMPOWERING THE POOR AND VULNERABLE 335 Defiant homeless hold camp. The Japan Times, January 30, 1996. Early morning fire at Shinjuku station kills three. The Japan Times, February 8, 1998. Metro government, ward offices team up: homelessness being tackled from new angle. The Japan Times, January 14, 2001. New law may raise prospects for homeless. The Japan Times, July 30, 2002. Homeless rank swell 25000: Long economic slump pushing people to the street. The Japan Times, March 27, 2003. Website http://homepage3.nifty.com/shelter-less/english/ seravip.html http://www.jca.apc.org/nojukusha Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
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of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
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Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
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and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
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Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
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Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
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Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
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REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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type 2 infection in the Philippines
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DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
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even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
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The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
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Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
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E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
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RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
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Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
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280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
Page 312 and 313: Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
Page 314 and 315: 286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
Page 316 and 317: 288 SESSION IV During the introduct
Page 318 and 319: 290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
Page 320 and 321: 292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
Page 322 and 323: 294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
Page 324 and 325: 296 SESSION IV should understand th
Page 326 and 327: 298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
Page 328 and 329: 300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
Page 330 and 331: 302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
Page 332 and 333: 304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
Page 334 and 335: 306 SESSION V a primitive community
Page 336 and 337: 308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
Page 338 and 339: 310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
Page 340 and 341: 312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
Page 342 and 343: 314 SESSION V Local administrations
Page 344 and 345: 316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
Page 346 and 347: 318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
Page 348 and 349: 320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
Page 350 and 351: 322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
Page 352 and 353: 324 SESSION V no common activities
Page 354 and 355: 326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
Page 356 and 357: 328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
Page 358 and 359: 330 SESSION V is still a question w
Page 360 and 361: 332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
Page 364 and 365: 336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
Page 366 and 367: 338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
Page 368 and 369: 340 SESSION V while at the same tim
Page 370 and 371: 342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
Page 372 and 373: 344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
Page 374 and 375: 346 SESSION V on education is more
Page 376 and 377: 348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
Page 378 and 379: 350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
Page 380 and 381: 352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
Page 382 and 383: 354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
Page 384 and 385: 356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
Page 386 and 387: 358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
Page 388 and 389: 360 SESSION V order to go work abro
Page 390 and 391: 362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
Page 392 and 393: 364 SESSION VI the third round had
Page 394 and 395: 366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
Page 396 and 397: 368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
Page 398 and 399: 370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
Page 400 and 401: 372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
Page 402 and 403: 374 SESSION VI the balance of power
Page 404 and 405: 376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
Page 406 and 407: 378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
Page 408 and 409: 380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
Page 410 and 411: 382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
Page 452 and 453:
424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
Page 454 and 455:
426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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