Reflections on the Human Condition - Api-fellowships.org

More documents

Recommendations

Info

244 SESSION IV any benefits from going into the FTA with developed countries. If Thailand’s prosperity depends on the global trading system, then FTA should not damage the country’s economy and the Thai government should manage it well. In Southeast Asia, Thailand has worked closely with the ASEAN members to create the AFTA and now has been proceeding forth with the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). As proposed by Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, the AEC will turn ASEAN, with over 500 million consumers, into a single market and production base by the year 2020. Under the AEC initiative, 11 priority sectors have been identified for comprehensive economic integration. These sectors include wood-based products, automotives, rubber-based products, textiles and apparels, agro-based products, fisheries, electronics, e-ASEAN, healthcare, and air travel and tourism. By intensifying its efforts under ASEAN commitment, Thailand would get larger markets. This is because with only a limited market of 63 million people, Thailand would expand to a market of 500 millions. (Soesastro, H., 2003) Under the Thaksin government, in order to reduce the export vulnerability, Thailand has announced its Figure 1: Bilateral FTAs between Thailand and Its Trading Partners. EU BIMSTEC India Bangladesh Bangl g adesh SriLanka SriLanka Bahrain ASEM Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Vietnam Cambodia Laos Yunan ASEAN �ailand Burma GMS APEC Source: Bangkok Post, Mid-year economic review, 2004b. Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows intention to pursue bilateral free-trade agreements outside ASEAN. As a way, the intensive talks are being held with many countries from developed to developing countries, such as with Australia, New Zealand, the US, Japan, China, India and a number of countries in the Middle East and South America. As an ASEAN founding member country, Thailand has connected to other free trade agreements around the globe, as either bilateral or multilateral agreements. As a whole, the picture of the involvement of Thai economy into the world of FTA can be drawn in Figure 1. Thailand has set up trade negotiation, outside ASEAN- AFTA deal, as multilateral agreements under World Trade Organization (WTO), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), BIMSTEC, GMS and AFTA-Closer Economic Relations (CER). In addition, Thailand has also been settled on the bilateral agreements with some trading partners. Thailand should adjust its free-trade negotiation strategy and start focusing on the whole packages instead of pushing for immediate tariff cuts for some selected items before completing the entire agreements. To date, the Thai government has already signed the two early-harvest agreements with China and India even the rest of the FTA discussions with the two countries remain unfinished. (The Nation, 2005b) China Japan Korea AFTA-CER Russia Chile PNG Peru Mexico Canada US Australia New Zealand FTA CER Bilateral Agreement Pending Negotiation
Thailand has been the most intensive developing countries in Asia region to promote its international trade since this country has been involved in FTA agreements with other countries. The opening up of bilateral FTA is directed to liberalize trade in goods between the two countries that would benefit Thailand in terms of increased access in the counterpart’s markets. More details on how this country recently manage and has deals with its trading partners are summarized as follows: • China: Thailand’s FTA with China is special as the trade agreement between Thailand and China has been set up under ASEAN-China relationship and also under Thailand-China agreement. Under the agreement between ASEAN-China, the nations agreed to reduce tariffs of imports on agricultural products. Thailand also signed a closer economic relation agreement with China under the Early Harvest Program (EHP). This program incorporated the tariffs reduction on vegetables and fruit and started in October 2003. The special early harvest scheme has resulted in the lifting of tariffs in both countries (it was about 60 percent approximately for Thailand and from 28.7 to 63.8 percent for China). 17 • Bahrain: Signed agreement on Closer Economic Partnership (CEP) in 2002. Negotiations over a Thailand-Bahrain free trade agreement would be completed in 2005. • India: The agreement was signed in October 2003, with full liberalization by 2010. This agreement is under EHP on the specific items and started in September 2004. With India, both countries agreed to reap an early harvest programs by progressively reducing tariff for 84 products covering food, fruit, canned food, plastic pellets, furniture and auto parts. Under EHP, tariffs will be gradually cut over three years-by 50 percent this month, 75 percent next year and until tariffs are eliminated in the third year. The final year of eradicating all tariffs is year of 2010. Service and investment liberalization are subjects to further negotiations. • Peru: Talks on the CEP agreement was held in 2003 to eradicate tariffs to be zero by 2015. • Australia: Negotiations was completed and signed in 2004. The FTA with Australia covered all sectors and services such as goods, services, trade, intellectual property and trade facilitation. It mostly covered dairy products. The Thai-Australian FTA is the first agreement Thailand has ever reached with a developed country. The Thai-Australian FTA, would take effect on January 1, 2005. THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZATION 245 • New Zealand: Joint study completed and other round of deals scheduled in 2004. Then, the CEP agreement was signed in 2005. According to the free trade agreement, New Zealand will eliminate duties on 5,878 Thai products, while Thailand will do the similar way for 2,978 imported products from New Zealand. New Zealand will write off duties on other 697 items by 2010, and on 858 products on the sensitive list including textiles, clothing and shoes by 2015. Thailand will cut import levies on 1,961 remaining products within five years, while duties on 520 products on the sensitive list, such as cow milk and butter, will be abolished by 2015. • Japan: Latest negotiation round concluded in Tokyo in April 2004. Right now is still in intensive negotiation between the two countries. Thailand’s FTA with Japan is based more on the strategic relations than on economic incentives. • The United States: Negotiations started in June 2004 and expected to continue in 2005. The FTA covered a range of issues, not only import tariffs which have been impediments to the flow of trade in the past, but also the elimination of non-trade barriers and different sanitary standards. The US tariffs have been generally low at 7 percent, compared to 23 percent on average in Thailand’s. • In addition to these on-going FTA negotiations, Thailand also has plans to set up a free trade agreement with other countries such as Pakistan, South Africa, and MERCOSUR which consist of countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Chile. In dealing with the trading countries, the Thai government, under the CEO-style, 18 has run relatively fast the country to be involved in negotiating and creating bilateral FTAs. Pros and cons come. Farmers, some companies and interest groups want to postpone and reject trade liberalization in order to retain the protection as long as possible, while, the Thai government will not be able to keep imposing subsidies or protecting the industry. In one way, dealing FTA on the fast tracks, will create more markets quickly to absorb domestic production of agriculture; but on the other way, the more unbalance negotiating bilateral trade countries the more risks in benefiting their society. As an open developing countries, Thailand should be aware on its agricultural sector and indeed, its farmers who are less benefited from trade and commonly poor. In addition, too many FTA agreements between individual Asian countries and developed countries will tend to undermine AFTA goals to realize the free trade Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
Page 1 and 2:
Reflections on the
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
Page 5 and 6:
ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
Page 7 and 8:
THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
Page 9 and 10:
University of the Philippines in th
Page 11 and 12:
about social change. For example, S
Page 13 and 14:
wars—the First World War and the
Page 15 and 16:
It will not be easy but I believe t
Page 17 and 18:
Before I conclude, allow me to offe
Page 19 and 20:
highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
Page 21 and 22:
INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
Page 23 and 24:
API Fellowships Program that the 4
Page 25 and 26:
in Indonesia and their engagement w
Page 27 and 28:
countries as a way of seeking empow
Page 29 and 30:
HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
Page 31 and 32:
problem developing with the relatio
Page 33 and 34:
I have arrived at this point in my
Page 35 and 36:
REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
Page 37 and 38:
PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
Page 39 and 40:
co-location of art around the world
Page 41 and 42:
arts and design and were not formal
Page 43 and 44:
and cultural value can heighten the
Page 45 and 46:
y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
Page 47 and 48:
in the gentrified district of Thong
Page 49 and 50:
Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
Page 55 and 56:
In her article, “The Politics of
Page 57 and 58:
legend is unlikely to achieve simil
Page 59 and 60:
KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
Page 61 and 62:
French, British or Dutch, is less m
Page 63 and 64:
More recently, a new interest in lo
Page 65 and 66:
Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
Page 71 and 72:
forestry departments and other tech
Page 73 and 74:
Although most Southeast Asian gover
Page 75 and 76:
of cultivated area, and population
Page 77 and 78:
the drought. Since the early 1990s,
Page 79 and 80:
In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
Page 81 and 82:
Affairs under the Ministry of Home
Page 83 and 84:
Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
Page 85 and 86:
in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
that joined the conflict; and (ii)
Page 91 and 92:
level of 1%. In addition, since the
Page 93 and 94:
participation in collective action,
Page 95 and 96:
Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
Page 97 and 98:
trol by Suharto. The approximately
Page 99 and 100:
unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
Page 101 and 102:
Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
Page 103 and 104:
who refuse to acknowledge the exist
Page 105 and 106:
For the most part, respondents demo
Page 107 and 108:
Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
Page 109 and 110:
ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
Page 111 and 112:
spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
Page 113 and 114:
But underlying all his views—KH G
Page 115 and 116:
women demand for divorce, they woul
Page 117 and 118:
father tried to convince her to rev
Page 119 and 120:
Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
Page 121 and 122:
cultural particularity cannot provi
Page 123 and 124:
strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
Page 125 and 126:
destined to build a civilisation of
Page 127 and 128:
of capitalism has led to an increas
Page 129 and 130:
Because living away from home and i
Page 131 and 132:
leads them to concede that they may
Page 133 and 134:
In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
Page 135 and 136:
hierarchy has not hesitated to util
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
almost 40 years ago—September 30,
Page 141 and 142:
CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
Page 143 and 144:
that we can see more clearly the ar
Page 145 and 146:
women; violence against women is no
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
Page 151 and 152:
structural foundations to play thei
Page 153 and 154:
Asian animation companies bid fierc
Page 155 and 156:
Filipino parents, newspaper columni
Page 157 and 158:
digital content creation to find cl
Page 159 and 160:
containing advice and insights on f
Page 161 and 162:
devoted his time to produce the fir
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
Page 165 and 166:
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
Page 167 and 168:
mind. GDH shared its production pro
Page 169 and 170:
interesting to note that the audien
Page 171 and 172:
an impression of what their works w
Page 173 and 174:
y passion which was in fashion at t
Page 175 and 176:
movies and other special effects fi
Page 177 and 178:
Otaku culture is just like any othe
Page 179 and 180:
Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
Page 181 and 182:
ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
Page 187 and 188:
and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
Page 189 and 190:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
Page 191 and 192:
great divide between availability a
Page 193 and 194:
Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
Page 195 and 196:
collected using a questionnaire, in
Page 197 and 198:
Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
Page 199 and 200:
Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
Page 201 and 202:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
Page 203 and 204:
REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
Page 205 and 206:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
Page 207 and 208:
noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
Page 209 and 210:
given to the clients confidentially
Page 211 and 212:
GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
Page 213 and 214:
the detailed characterization on th
Page 215 and 216:
type 2 infection in the Philippines
Page 217 and 218:
DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
Page 219 and 220:
integrated circuits, industrial rob
Page 221 and 222: that JP’s privatized banking divi
Page 223 and 224: limited scope for private healthcar
Page 225 and 226: instances where such individuals ha
Page 227 and 228: even as public finances improved fo
Page 229 and 230: The United States could easily desi
Page 231 and 232: take shape so that they are in line
Page 233 and 234: Bank itself may be subject to force
Page 235 and 236: CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
Page 237 and 238: The indexers extracted the importan
Page 239 and 240: wound healing from generation to ge
Page 241 and 242: Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
Page 243 and 244: E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
Page 245 and 246: com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
Page 247 and 248: government long maintained an inter
Page 249 and 250: oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
Page 251 and 252: key issue for Japan is that there i
Page 253 and 254: Japanese government revised its mar
Page 255 and 256: Unlike New Komeito which has been b
Page 257 and 258: (2) type of Article 9 revision; and
Page 259 and 260: These results depict the tenacity o
Page 261 and 262: has manifested unilateralist tenden
Page 263 and 264: Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
Page 265 and 266: “Poll shows fears of war at highe
Page 267 and 268: THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
Page 269 and 270: and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
Page 271: Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
Page 275 and 276: In according to the presence of goo
Page 277 and 278: In case of the losers from FTAs, th
Page 279 and 280: 13 At these years, the world econom
Page 281 and 282: Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
Page 283 and 284: RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
Page 285 and 286: Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
Page 287 and 288: Maintenance and improvement of reli
Page 289 and 290: signal to allow the train to procee
Page 291 and 292: The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
Page 293 and 294: 1980. Recently, research focus on e
Page 295 and 296: comprehensive ones to short-term po
Page 297 and 298: FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
Page 299 and 300: politicians made the first moves, a
Page 301 and 302: Compliance Certificate issued by th
Page 303 and 304: Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
Page 305 and 306: the majority political positions in
Page 308 and 309: 280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
Page 310 and 311: 282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
Page 312 and 313: Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
Page 314 and 315: 286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
Page 316 and 317: 288 SESSION IV During the introduct
Page 318 and 319: 290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
Page 320 and 321: 292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
Page 322 and 323:
294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
Page 324 and 325:
296 SESSION IV should understand th
Page 326 and 327:
298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
Page 328 and 329:
300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
Page 330 and 331:
302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
Page 332 and 333:
304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
Page 334 and 335:
306 SESSION V a primitive community
Page 336 and 337:
308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
Page 338 and 339:
310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
Page 340 and 341:
312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
Page 342 and 343:
314 SESSION V Local administrations
Page 344 and 345:
316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
Page 346 and 347:
318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
Page 348 and 349:
320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
Page 350 and 351:
322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
Page 352 and 353:
324 SESSION V no common activities
Page 354 and 355:
326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
Page 356 and 357:
328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
Page 358 and 359:
330 SESSION V is still a question w
Page 360 and 361:
332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
Page 362 and 363:
334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
Page 364 and 365:
336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
Page 366 and 367:
338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
Page 368 and 369:
340 SESSION V while at the same tim
Page 370 and 371:
342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
Page 372 and 373:
344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
Page 374 and 375:
346 SESSION V on education is more
Page 376 and 377:
348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
Page 378 and 379:
350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
Page 380 and 381:
352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
Page 382 and 383:
354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
Page 384 and 385:
356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
Page 386 and 387:
358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
Page 388 and 389:
360 SESSION V order to go work abro
Page 390 and 391:
362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
Page 392 and 393:
364 SESSION VI the third round had
Page 394 and 395:
366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
Page 396 and 397:
368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
Page 398 and 399:
370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
Page 400 and 401:
372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
Page 402 and 403:
374 SESSION VI the balance of power
Page 404 and 405:
376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
Page 406 and 407:
378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
Page 408 and 409:
380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
Page 410 and 411:
382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
Page 412 and 413:
384 SESSION VI countries that forei
Page 414 and 415:
386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
Page 416 and 417:
388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
Page 418 and 419:
390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
Page 420 and 421:
392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
Page 422 and 423:
394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
Page 424 and 425:
396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
Page 426 and 427:
398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
Page 428 and 429:
400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
Page 430 and 431:
402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
Page 432 and 433:
404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
Page 434 and 435:
406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
Page 436 and 437:
408 SESSION VI for only four second
Page 438 and 439:
410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
Page 440 and 441:
412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
Page 442 and 443:
414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
Page 444 and 445:
416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
Page 446 and 447:
418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
Page 448 and 449:
420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
Page 450 and 451:
422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
Page 452 and 453:
424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
Page 454 and 455:
426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
Page 456 and 457:
428 of such a challenge, the histor
Page 458 and 459:
430 emergence of creativity and inn
Page 460 and 461:
432 the legal conditions. It also p
Page 462 and 463:
434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
Page 464 and 465:
436 Politics and Development in the
Page 466 and 467:
438 of general comments were highli
show all

Reflections on the Human Condition - Api-fellowships.org

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?