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438 of general comments were highlighted which were relevant to all API Fellows. These relate to conceptual problems; problem of methodology, data collection and interpretation; the problem of research limitations; the question of application; and finally, the question of sustainability. First, at the level of conceptualization, it was stressed that a number of Fellows needed to pay more attention to the issue of how they conceptualized their projects and the problem they wanted to study so that they could be more precise and clear. At the same time, comparisons with other countries should not be mechanical; in fact, comparisons without understanding the contexts of other countries or experiences could pose serious problems. We need to understand each others’ contextual history and social change; otherwise we would become too mechanical in our learning. As the emphasis in the API Fellowship Program is unity of knowledge and action, the question of commitment is very important. Are we open and ready to share the vulnerabilities of the people that we study? Are the people we study or visit ‘out there’ or are they part of our public? These questions should be part of the Fellows’ conceptualization. Second, in terms of methodology, data collection and interpretation, the Fellows should be as transparent as possible regarding how they conducted their study so that it would be easy to assess their reliability and validity. For example, how was their data collected? How reliable was it? The length of time an API Fellow stayed in one place to collect data may not be adequate. Hence, they must find appropriate ways and methods to compensate for this. It is important to identify the key informants in the locality because one does not collect everything by oneself. It is also important for the Fellows to get as much up-to-date material, so they must pay serious attention to this. Also, when using NGO reports, they need to know the background of the NGOs and the researchers concerned, and must verify the data and reports with other sources of information. At the same time, they must be sharp and nuanced when making interpretation of the data. Third, caution was raised on the limitation of research. It was pointed out that we should be careful not to generalise especially when the sample of study is small. Small sample size and qualitative approach are fine in terms of providing insights and in-depth information about the human problem, but their limitations must be recognised. At the same time, we must be aware that quantitative data does not always bring out the human aspect of a problem unlike the case of small studies using the qualitative approach. In short, the Fellows need to Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows work hard and smart, and must recognise the strength and weaknesses of both approaches. Fourth, application is very important as the principle guiding all API Fellows is unity of knowledge and action. This relates to the question of the transformative potential of our work. Though this is the objective, we must pose the question: How transferable are our learning and lessons learnt? For example, we keep on saying this is Indonesia, this is not Japan and therefore in many ways we cannot replicate the Japanese experience for Indonesia. But if this point is over-emphasized, then there is the issue of whether there is anything that we can learn from others. The point is we have to be creative and understand the history and the context well in order to draw appropriate lessons. Fifth is the issue which is also related to application: viz. the sustainability of our ideas and our remedies. Are the ideas and the projects we have set up (for example, work on pandemic diseases and the urban poor) are only as good so long as we are there, and that once we no longer bring the API as well as our own resources, will they die a natural death like many other projects? In short, how much empowerment has been done for the subjects we worked with? Did we make efforts to institutionalize the ideas and the practices which we proposed? Also, there is the question of whether our remedies are for the community, or for the individuals only. One the whole, we must know our priority as well as our shortcomings. While we have the idealism and our work is useful, more thinking and planning must go into it if we wanted to bring change. We cannot find readymade answers but should engage in a dialogue process. We should try to think beyond what has normally been discussed to see what novel, and even, contrarian things we can propose.
Contact Details (as of September, 2007) For further information about the API Fellowships Program, please visit www.api-fellowships.org or contact the respective country’s Partner Institution below. Indonesia Research Center for Regional Resources, The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (PSDR-LIPI) Widya Graha, 9 th Floor, Jl. Gatot, Subroto No.10, Jakarta 12190 Indonesia Contact Persons: John Haba / Yekti Maunati Tel: +62-21-522-4667 / 525-1542 ext. 680 Fax: +62-21-570-1232 Email: darahkubiru@yahoo.com / yektim@yahoo.com Japan Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606- 8501 Japan Contact Persons: Naoko Maeno / Satoko Yasuhara Tel: +81-75-753-7348 / 7391 Fax: +81-75-753-7350 URL: http://www.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/api/ Email: api@cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp Malaysia Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Contact Persons: Dorothy Fernandez-Robert / Noraini Dhiauddin Tel: +60-3-8921-3576 / 3205 Fax: +60-3-8926-9253 URL: http://www.ikmas.ukm.my/api/ Email: drob@pkrisc.cc.ukm.my 439 Philippines School of Social Sciences, Ateneo de Manila University API Office in Center for Community Services (CCS) Building, Social Development Complex Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108 Philippines Contact Persons: Melissa Jayme-Lao / Chiara de Castro Tel: +63-2-426-6001 ext. 5205 Fax: +63-2-426-1279 / 426-6114 URL: http://api.ateneo.net/ Email: mlao@ateneo.edu / api@admu.edu.ph Thailand Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University 3 rd Floor, Prajadhipok-Rambhai Barni Building, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330 Thailand Contact Persons: Michiko Yoshida / Saowaros Saetang Tel: +66-2-218-7422 Fax: +66-2-652-5283 URL: http://www.ias.chula.ac.th Email: api_fellowships@chula.ac.th The Nippon Foundation International Program Department 1-2-2 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8404 Japan Contact Person: Michiko Taki Tel: +81-3-6229-5181 Fax: +81-3-6229-5180 URL: http://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/eng/ Email: api@ps.nippon-foundation.or.jp Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
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of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
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Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
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and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
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Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
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Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
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Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
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REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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type 2 infection in the Philippines
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DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
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even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
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The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
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Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
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E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
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RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
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Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
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280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
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Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
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286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
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296 SESSION IV should understand th
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298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
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300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
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302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
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306 SESSION V a primitive community
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308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
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310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
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312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
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314 SESSION V Local administrations
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316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
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318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
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320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
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322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
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324 SESSION V no common activities
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326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
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328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
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330 SESSION V is still a question w
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332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
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334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
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336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
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338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
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340 SESSION V while at the same tim
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342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
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344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
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346 SESSION V on education is more
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348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
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350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
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352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
Page 416 and 417: 388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
Page 418 and 419: 390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
Page 420 and 421: 392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
Page 422 and 423: 394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
Page 424 and 425: 396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
Page 426 and 427: 398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
Page 428 and 429: 400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
Page 430 and 431: 402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
Page 432 and 433: 404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
Page 434 and 435: 406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
Page 436 and 437: 408 SESSION VI for only four second
Page 438 and 439: 410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
Page 440 and 441: 412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
Page 442 and 443: 414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
Page 444 and 445: 416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
Page 446 and 447: 418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
Page 448 and 449: 420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
Page 450 and 451: 422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
Page 452 and 453: 424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
Page 454 and 455: 426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
Page 456 and 457: 428 of such a challenge, the histor
Page 458 and 459: 430 emergence of creativity and inn
Page 460 and 461: 432 the legal conditions. It also p
Page 462 and 463: 434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
Page 464 and 465: 436 Politics and Development in the
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