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Reflections on the Human Condition - Api-fellowships.org

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158 SESSION II<br />

as ano<strong>the</strong>r animati<strong>on</strong> center in <strong>the</strong> regi<strong>on</strong>.<br />

Throughout its rich history, animati<strong>on</strong> has been used<br />

both as a medium and message in various Asian societies<br />

such as Japan and Thailand. Asian animati<strong>on</strong> was molded<br />

by utilizing <strong>the</strong> use of indigenous artistic styles and<br />

techniques, such as paper fold, paper-cut, ink and wash,<br />

shadow <strong>the</strong>atre, and localized plots based <strong>on</strong> literary,<br />

religious, or folkloric stories. Through animated images,<br />

artists and audiences alike see what <strong>the</strong>y reveal about<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves; <strong>the</strong>y can make adjustments and influence a<br />

facet of <strong>the</strong>ir self-identity, <strong>the</strong>ir community’s identity,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir society’s collective identity as formed through<br />

an aggregati<strong>on</strong> and abstracti<strong>on</strong> of particular elements<br />

present in <strong>the</strong>ir various animati<strong>on</strong> experiences. Thus,<br />

animated imagery and its unique visual staging and<br />

renditi<strong>on</strong> play an influential role, as popular culture, in<br />

<strong>the</strong> emergence of facets of community identity.<br />

Animated visualizati<strong>on</strong>s to be acceptable to audiences<br />

need to be accessible and visually engaging for <strong>the</strong>m to<br />

identify with or c<strong>on</strong>nect to. Thus, animators employ<br />

visual design elements and techniques, which create<br />

evocative imagery of <strong>the</strong> physical, emoti<strong>on</strong>al and<br />

socio-cultural realities. The social milieu is made visible<br />

to audiences for explorati<strong>on</strong>. Active participants such<br />

as <strong>the</strong> Otaku or animati<strong>on</strong> enthusiast c<strong>on</strong>sumer groups<br />

who share a sense of “we-ness” are able to explore <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

visual experiences to see how <strong>the</strong>y are seen by “o<strong>the</strong>rs”,<br />

and how <strong>the</strong>ir acti<strong>on</strong>s and c<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong>s influence <strong>the</strong><br />

character of <strong>the</strong> community portrait as projected <strong>on</strong><br />

screen. This unique reciprocity permits <strong>the</strong> audience to<br />

react to <strong>the</strong> animated product, participate in <strong>the</strong> visual<br />

process, and in <strong>the</strong> end, influence <strong>the</strong> artists to make<br />

adjustments to what <strong>the</strong>y reveal about <strong>the</strong>mselves. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> end, animati<strong>on</strong> serves as an ideal artistic vehicle for<br />

expressing both <strong>the</strong> artists’ and audiences’ hopes and<br />

trepidati<strong>on</strong>s in an uneasy c<strong>on</strong>temporary world.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Beck, J. 2004. Animati<strong>on</strong> Art: From Pencil to Pixel, <strong>the</strong><br />

History of Carto<strong>on</strong>, Anime & CGI. New York: Harper<br />

Design Internati<strong>on</strong>al.<br />

Clements, J. and H. McCarthy. 2001. The Anime<br />

Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animati<strong>on</strong> Since 1917.<br />

Berkeley, California: St<strong>on</strong>e Bridge Press.<br />

D<strong>on</strong>ath, J.S. (2002). A Semantic Approach to Visualizing<br />

Online C<strong>on</strong>versati<strong>on</strong>s. In Communicati<strong>on</strong>s of <strong>the</strong><br />

ACM, 45(4). New York: ACM Press, (45-49).<br />

D<strong>on</strong>ath, J.S. (1995). Visual Who: Animating <strong>the</strong><br />

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Goffman, E. 1959. The Presentati<strong>on</strong> of Self in Everyday<br />

Life. New York: Doubleday.<br />

Grant, J. 2001. Masters of Animati<strong>on</strong>. New York:<br />

Wats<strong>on</strong>-Guptill Publicati<strong>on</strong>s.<br />

Halas, J. 1987. Masters of Animati<strong>on</strong>. L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>: BBC<br />

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Chat. In Proceedings of <strong>the</strong> 23 rd Annual C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong><br />

Computer Graphics, (225-236).<br />

Ledoux ,T. and D. Ranney. 1997. The Complete Anime<br />

Guide: Japanese Animati<strong>on</strong> Film<br />

Directory and Resource Guide. 2 nd editi<strong>on</strong>. Issaquah,<br />

Washingt<strong>on</strong>: Tiger Mountain Press.<br />

Lee, A. and A. Girgensohn. Collective C<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> of<br />

Facets of a Group Identity. Online at http://www-pers<strong>on</strong>al.si.umich.edu/~junzh/papers/hcic.pdf.<br />

Lent, J. 1997. A Screw Here, a Crank There: Payut<br />

Ngaokrachang and <strong>the</strong> Origins of Thai Animati<strong>on</strong>. In<br />

Animati<strong>on</strong> World Magazine (2:1).<br />

Lent, J. (ed). 2001. Animati<strong>on</strong> in Asia and <strong>the</strong> Pacific.<br />

Bloomingt<strong>on</strong>, Indiana: Indiana University Press.<br />

Lord, C. 1997. Social Psychology. New York: Harcourt<br />

Brace College Publishers.<br />

Macias, P. and Tomohiro Machiyama. 2004. Cruising<br />

<strong>the</strong> Anime City: An Otaku Guide to Neo Tokyo. California:<br />

St<strong>on</strong>e Bridge Press.<br />

McCarthy, H. 1993. Anime! A Beginner’s Guide to<br />

Japanese Animati<strong>on</strong>. L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>: Titan Books.<br />

McCarthy, H. 1999. Hayao Miyazaki, Master of Japanese<br />

Animati<strong>on</strong>: Films, Themes, and Artistry. Berkley, California:<br />

St<strong>on</strong>e Bridge Press.<br />

Miyazaki, H. 1988. About Japanese Animati<strong>on</strong>. In The<br />

Current Situati<strong>on</strong> of Japanese Movies. Published by<br />

Iwanami Shoten. Translated from Japanese to English<br />

by Ryoko Toyama.<br />

Napier, S. 2001. Anime from Akira to Princess M<strong>on</strong><strong>on</strong>oke:<br />

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Identity Groups. In Group Dynamics, Theory, Research

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