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346 SESSION V on education is more important than political rhetoric as spoken by many politicians in Indonesia. Action is more effective in changing the child welfare condition rather than talking. 2. The concept of happy and healthy family has many similarities with the concept Healthy Indonesia 2010. However, the services delivered in developed countries are far more comprehensive than health services in developing countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Even though services are not advanced as in Japan, the Malaysian budget allocation and programs on health shows that they are working hard in trying to increase the quality of services for better conditions of their child welfare. It is not only for curative programs but also for preventive and promotional programs. As an example, primary oral health care covered all states in Malaysia and there are school dental service in pre-school, primary and secondary school. The main objective of this program is to render children orally-fit when they leave school via gradual and cumulative improvement in their oral health status. In Indonesia, there is a programme similar to this which covered preschool and primary school students (it is not covered for secondary school students). However in reality, the program cannot cover all provinces in Indonesia. Even in Jakarta, the program is only applicable to a few schools; most of primary school students had never experienced regular dental check of once a year. It is different in Malaysia where the program reached all states and the coverage since 1996 reached more than 62% of schools in the areas. For primary school, there are five states which had 100% coverage by the year 2001, and another six states had coverage of more than 95%. Table 3: Comparison of Public Expenditure on Health in Malaysia and Indonesia. Indicators Indonesia (2002) Public Expenditure on Health (% of GDP) Malaysia (2002) Source: Human Development Report 2005. Japan (2002) 1.2 2.0 6.5 The example shows how serious Malaysian and Japan governments in allocating budget, creating program and policy, and implementing programs to increase child welfare. There are many programs which the Indonesian government study; not only Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows in terms of the programs but how the Malaysian and Japanese governments implemented these. 3. The child welfare conditions in Indonesia are due to the chosen development strategy. In the era of Suharto, the subject of development focused on urban areas that pushed the rural-urban migration to the level where the urban areas had a high level of burden. Rural areas lost much potential human capital because of the unbalance migration process. Moreover, since the boom of oil production, the government faced difficulties in creating a vision focusing on the “take-off” stages of development. Since the Minister of Technology (later Vice President in the New Order era) has experienced in aircraft technology; thus, the focus of technological development is on aircraft production rather than agricultural sectors which can create job opportunities in rural areas that can reduce human capital flow from rural to urban areas. 4. This aircraft project did not succeed. There are huge debts to be paid, which burdened the national budget during and after the financial crisis. Japan, whose economic condition is far better than Indonesia, is investing on electronic devices for aircraft and on land transport vehicles which are easier to sell compared to aircraft projects. Malaysia also put their investment on building electronic devices, specifically ICT-related devices and land transport vehicles. Thailand and Vietnam focus their development on agricultural products and are now the top two agricultural products exporter in Asia. It is very important for Indonesian to rethink strategic technological development, especially with its high-density population in urban areas and low-density population in rural areas. It is very important to focus on rural development rather than urban development, but it does not mean not developing the urban areas. Indonesia should develop the rural areas faster than before and slow down budget allocation in developing the urban areas to achieve equity services for children in the fields of education and health in rural areas. If facilities, job opportunities and services for rural areas are better, the rate of urbanization will decline and the quality of children in rural areas will increase. There are several programs that can be created in order to increase the child welfare condition in
• • • • Indonesia, such as: build scientific progressive and caring children and community; develop and intensify parents education in order to increase child’s welfare; develop social security system which can cover various levels of economic classes; and provide better health care services delivery system for children which can be accessed by various economic classes. REFERENCES Books Bunnel, Tim. 2004. Malaysia, Modernity and the Multimedia Super Corridor, a critical geography of intelligent landscapes. New York: Routledge Curzon. Consumers International. 1998. … and Our Rice Pots are Empty, the social cost of economic crisis. Penang: Phoenix Printers Sdn. Bhd. Deacon, Alan. 2002. Perspectives on Welfare. Buckingham: Open University Press. Hashim, Rosnani. 2004. Educational Dualism in Malaysia, implication for theory and practice. 2 nd edition. Kuala Lumpur: the Other Press. Hj. Mohd. Jali, Nazaruddin, et.al. 2003. Malaysian Studies, nationhood and citizenship. Kuala Lumpur: Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Kellehear, Allan. 1993. The Unobtrusive Researcher, a guide to methods. New South Wales: Allen & Unwin Pty, Ltd. Musa, M. Bakri. 2003. An Education System Worthy of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Strategic Information Research Development. Peak, Lois. 1991. Learning to Go to School in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ramly, Ishak. 2003. Inilah Kurikulum Sekolah. Pahang: PTS Publication & Distributor Sdn. Bhd. Sarji, Ahmad (ed.). 2003. Wawasan 2020 Malaysia, memahami konsep, implikasi dan cabaran. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd. Documents Kementerian Kesehatan Malaysia. 2001. Laporan Tahunan 2000. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. 2001. Laporan Tahunan 2000. Kementerian Perpaduan Negara dan Pembangunan Masyarakat. 2002. Laporan Tahunan 2001. THE EMPOWERING THE POOR AND VULNERABLE Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2002. Annual Report 2001. 347 Mothers’ & Children’s Health & Welfare Association. 2003. Maternal and Child Health Statistics of Japan. Statistic Bureau, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunication. 2004. Japan Statistical Yearbook 2004. Websites http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/wp/other/councils/ sukoyaka21 /index.html. A Report from the “Sukoyaka Family 21” Planning Committee. accessed 8 September 2004. http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human/child/ initialreport/measures.html. The Initial Report Of Japan Under Article 44, Paragraph 1 Of The Convention On The Rights Of The Child. accessed 12 September 2004. http://www.mext.go.jp/english/topics/21plan/010301. htm. the Education Reform Plan for 21 st Century. accessed 10 September 2004. http://www.mext.go.jp/english/org/f_reform.htm. Education Reform Plan for 21 st Century. accessed 10 September 2004. http://www.sg.emb-japan.go.jp/JapanAccess/welfare. htm#angelplan. Children’s Welfare and the ‘Angel Plan’. accesssed 17 September 2004. http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0404/29/ PendLN/995368.htm. Ketika Malaysia Sudah Mulai Berlari. accessed 6 May 2005. Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
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of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
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Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
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and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
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Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
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Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
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Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
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REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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type 2 infection in the Philippines
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DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
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even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
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The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
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Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
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E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
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RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
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Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
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280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
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Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
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286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
Page 324 and 325: 296 SESSION IV should understand th
Page 326 and 327: 298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
Page 328 and 329: 300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
Page 330 and 331: 302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
Page 332 and 333: 304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
Page 334 and 335: 306 SESSION V a primitive community
Page 336 and 337: 308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
Page 338 and 339: 310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
Page 340 and 341: 312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
Page 342 and 343: 314 SESSION V Local administrations
Page 344 and 345: 316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
Page 346 and 347: 318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
Page 348 and 349: 320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
Page 350 and 351: 322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
Page 352 and 353: 324 SESSION V no common activities
Page 354 and 355: 326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
Page 356 and 357: 328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
Page 358 and 359: 330 SESSION V is still a question w
Page 360 and 361: 332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
Page 362 and 363: 334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
Page 364 and 365: 336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
Page 366 and 367: 338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
Page 368 and 369: 340 SESSION V while at the same tim
Page 370 and 371: 342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
Page 372 and 373: 344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
Page 376 and 377: 348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
Page 378 and 379: 350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
Page 380 and 381: 352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
Page 382 and 383: 354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
Page 384 and 385: 356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
Page 386 and 387: 358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
Page 388 and 389: 360 SESSION V order to go work abro
Page 390 and 391: 362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
Page 392 and 393: 364 SESSION VI the third round had
Page 394 and 395: 366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
Page 396 and 397: 368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
Page 398 and 399: 370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
Page 400 and 401: 372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
Page 402 and 403: 374 SESSION VI the balance of power
Page 404 and 405: 376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
Page 406 and 407: 378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
Page 408 and 409: 380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
Page 410 and 411: 382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
Page 412 and 413: 384 SESSION VI countries that forei
Page 414 and 415: 386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
Page 416 and 417: 388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
Page 418 and 419: 390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
Page 420 and 421: 392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
Page 422 and 423: 394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
Page 452 and 453:
424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
Page 454 and 455:
426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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