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238 SESSION IV “Less Than 30 pct of Japanese Back Amending Constitution’s Article 9” Jiji Press Ticker Service, 18 April 2005. “43% of DPJ lawmakers cautious about Constitutional revision” Japan Economic Newswire, 25 August 2000. “54% favor amending Constitution, shows Yomiuri poll” Japan Economic Newswire, 1 April 2003. “Poll: More support Article 9” Asahi News Service, 2 May 2001. “Majority like Article 9 as it is” Asahi News Service, 28 April 1997. “Mainichi poll: Voters want PM directly elected” Mainichi Daily News. 29 September 2002. page 1. “60% of young lawmakers for revising Constitution’s Article 9” Japan Economic Newswire, 9 June 2003. “Poll shows strong support of Article 9 of Constitution” Japan Economic Newswire, 19 August 1994. “Poll shows generation gap on Constitution” Jiji Press Ticker Service, 30 April 1997. “Poll: Japan pleased with postwar period” United Press International, 14 August 1995. “Japanese ruling party leadership candidates positive on constitutional change” Kyodo News Service, 13 September 2003. “Doi calls on pro-Constitution forces to join hands in poll” Japan Economic Newswire, 25 February 2000. “Diet favors anti-war resolution” Asahi News Service, 14 June 1994. “Editorial / Public more Constitution-savvy” Daily Yomiuri, 6 April 2001. p. 9. “65% back top law revision; figure highest on record” Daily Yomiuri, 2 April 2004. p. 1. “Japan: survey finds people’s understanding of SDF deepened” World News Connection, 2 April 2003. “Editorial: Constitution due for a change” Daily Yomiuri, 5 April 1996. p. 13. “Redefine SDF mission to better suit times” The Nikkei Weekly, 5 July 2004. “Military Transformation in Japan to Center on Missile Defense: US Commander” Jiji Press Ticker Service, 11 May 2005. “Editorial: Diplomats playing politics with PKO” Daily Yomiuri. 12 February 2005. Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows “Japan ruling parties aim to review peacekeeping law” Kyodo News Service, 12 November 2001. “Defense bills face rough going in Diet” Asahi News, 18 April 2002. “Panel eyes new name in Japanese for SDF” Daily Yomiuri, 7 July 2005. “Lower house Oks bills to expedite missile-intercept orders” Japan Economic Newswire, 14 June 2005. “Mending fences with China and Korea” Mainichi Daily News, 6 October 2001. “International cooperation needed to defend seas” Mainichi Daily News, 28 December 2001. “Defense policy outline suits tenor of times” Daily Yomiuri, 11 December 2004.
THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZATION FREE TRADE IN ASIAN AGRICULTURE: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE OF THAILAND Zamroni INTRODUCTION In the last two decades, many developed or developing countries have made regional free trade agreements (FTAs) in order to enhance their trade and economies. 1 These regional trends emerged due to the slowly moving General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)- World Trade Organization (WTO). 2 When the WTO was established in 1995, the member countries explicitly acknowledged the need to do more to help developing countries to obtain the benefits of trade in order to achieve sustainable development. But the WTO rounds of negotiations have not accomplished that goal yet, especially in dealing with the agricultural issues; the member countries were stuck even at the Doha round. Agriculture has been controversial and has often been partially integrated into multilateral and/ or regional free trade agreements. These were due to the conflicting objectives between developed and developing countries regarding the issue of domestic supports, a relatively high protection 3 , and international competition in the agricultural sector. This study focused on the Asian free trade in agricultural products, particularly on the economic perspective of Thailand. The agricultural sector has become the main sector in most Asian countries 4 especially related to employment absorption. Thailand, as one of the developing countries in Asia, was chosen as a sample based on the assumption that it has a well-managed and globalized agricultural sector. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 2002, Thailand (with fewer natural resources than other Asian countries such as India and Indonesia) was the second largest exporter of agricultural products among Asian countries. 5 In addition, Thailand has a more liberalized agricultural sector. Compared to major countries such as the EU, the US and other developed countries, the Thai agricultural sector was relatively less subsidized by the central government (i.e. the Thai government spent only 7.5 percent of total values of gross farm receipts to support its agricultural sector, while the EU was about 80 percent). The research method used in this study is qualitative analysis. The use of this analysis is presented by scrutinizing data and information from field research. 6 By using the qualitative analysis, we will elaborate the 239 existing condition of agricultural trade in terms of globalization and any factors affecting and how the country behaves in entering and managing free trade in the agricultural sector. The qualitative data will be used to construct the economic perspective of Thailand on how the free trade in agriculture should be and what the reality in the country is. THE EMERGING FREE TRADE IN ASIAN COUNTRIES In the last few decades, in order for countries to compete in the global trade, increasingly, they have been forming or strengthening the regional trade agreements. This was driven by the need to both attract investment and promote international trade. Gaining access to overseas markets and thus achieving economies of scale in domestic production were also important driving forces. (Josling, 1993) In addition, it is normally assumed that the benefits from joining outweigh the potential losses from not joining (Page, 2000). In practice, some countries are in more than one membership, so that grouping may overlap. The main objectives in entering into multiple memberships are firstly, to access broader markets in other regions outside the immediate region - especially when there are tendencies for some regional blocs to protect their markets from outsiders and secondly, to get the benefits of the process of globalization. (Bhalla & Bhalla, 1997; Frankel & Wei, 1998; Page, 2000) Some studies conducted by Kawasaki (2003), Urata and Kiyota (2003), Mallikamas (2002) show that the free trade in Asian economies will give benefits to Thailand and other member countries in term of the increase in their GDP. In the case of Southeast Asia, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) became more active in fostering economic cooperation in the region since the 1980s. In order to tighten the economic cooperation among members, ASEAN formed the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in January 1992. The formation of the AFTA was inspired by the current global trends of regionalism and the slow progress in ASEAN regional cooperation especially in the economic area. (Kim, 1994) The elimination of trade barriers among members is expected to promote greater economic efficiency, productivity and competitiveness. Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
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of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
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Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
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and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
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Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
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Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
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Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
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REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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Page 247 and 248: government long maintained an inter
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Page 297 and 298: FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
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296 SESSION IV should understand th
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298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
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300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
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302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
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306 SESSION V a primitive community
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308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
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310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
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312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
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314 SESSION V Local administrations
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316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
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318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
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320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
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322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
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324 SESSION V no common activities
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326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
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328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
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330 SESSION V is still a question w
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332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
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334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
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336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
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338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
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340 SESSION V while at the same tim
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342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
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344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
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346 SESSION V on education is more
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348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
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350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
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352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
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424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
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426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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