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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Partners. Organization/ Company Explanation Philippine National IT Standards Foundation Incorporated (PhilNITS, formerly known as JITSE Philippines Foundation Inc.) Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) JITSE changed its name to PhilNITS in Dec 2004. It is an IT skill training and certification organization supported by Japanese and the Philippines governments. Japanese companies in the Philippines regard the holders of PhilNITS certification as reliable IT engineers. The Japanese immigration policy provides easier procedure of getting a working visa for elders. We can adopt the curriculum of PhilNITS certification and also may order them textbooks and lectures for our classes. (http://www.jitse.org/) PUP is a state university that provides higher education to the masses. Some of students are from poor areas because of low tuitions. PUP has new IT institute and some professors including participants in API requested me to provide IT training support for poor students. (http://www.pup. edu.ph/) Don Bosco Tondo Don Bosco is one of the best vocational training groups for the poor in the Philippines. It has a big vocational training school and a church in Tondo, formerly known as Smoky Mountain. They offered me to use the PC training rooms for my project. (http://www.donbosco.net/) Don Bosco Pugad Don Bosco group has an institute for street children in Pugad. It also has a PC training room and a Japanese language class. The latter is donated by one Japanese IT company, Software Partnership International Japan (SPIJ). Together with this IT company, Don Bosco Pugad has another plan to open IT class for ex-street boys. They offered me to join those two projects. (http://www.donbosco. net/) Table 3: Main Functions of New NGO. Function Explanation Fundraising Fundraising for a whole system; getting financial supports from mainly Japanese funding bodies and corporations. Labor Market Analysis Analyzing labor demands for Filipino workers in the Philippines, Japan, and other countries; planning suitable vocational trainings. Coordinating Schools Searching and coordinating suitable training schools for demands of labor market; supporting to open new classes. Supporting School Management Supporting student screening, PR, financial management, and other administrative matters. Job-Hunting Support Supporting Job-hunting of graduates not only in the Philippines but also in Japan; helping graduates life in Japan. Scholarship Management Selecting students; administrating scholarship and loan programs. JICA supports the Technology Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) of the Philippines and intended to open new ITC classes for poor young ladies though the TESDA Women Center project. EDSA can not provide gender-related services because we are not gender specialists. In cooperation with the JICA gender specialists, we can provide our resources to their gender support. TESDA Women Center also accepted our offer to support our study tour project by providing a workshop to Japanese students. I got a good partnership with one Japanese IT company, Software Partnership International Japan (SPIJ.) SPIJ is an offshore programming venture company and is a contributor to the agreements between Filipino and Japanese software companies associations in 2004. The uniqueness of this company is that it supports education programs for street children at Don Bosco Pugad. SPIJ adopts social entrepreneurship for their management Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows style. After the IT training for ex-street children, the company has a plan to hire some good students as engineers. It is a challenging plan that includes IT skill training, Japanese language study, and changing lifestyle of street children. If the boys can work as programmers, their life will be completely different from their present situations because of the wage difference between the two countries. Domestic labor demand for immigrant programmers in Japan is getting bigger. Japanese IT companies have begun offshore programming projects in China, India and the Philippines. To survive the global market competition, they need cheap labor force of foreign engineers. Compared to Filipino IT companies, Japanese companies do not require diplomas. This tendency is good for our students who do not have college degrees. Practically, SPIJ was asked for recruitment consultation of Filipino engineers, including ex-street children as
domestic workers, from some Japanese IT companies. Table 4: The Total Flame of The Employment Development Support. �e Philippines �e Poor Young Schooling Vocational School IT Training Institutes Getting jobs Scholarship Job Hunting Support System Support Getting jobs Japan EDSA Financial Support Paying back the loan from engineers Filipino Companies Japanese Companies I arrange my activity with these actors as in Table 4. EDSA will provide scholarship loan for IT students, and check and support the curriculum and systems. The training curriculum outline includes: 1) Introduction to Computer Systems 2) Systems Development and Operations 3) Internal Design and Programming 4) Network and Database Technologies 5) Current IT Topics The training takes 180 hours in total. The textbooks and lecturers will be provided by PhiliNITS because of their certified training; which is valuable for Japanese companies. There is also a possibility to add a two-week curriculum specialized in JAVA programming because the labor demand for Filipino JAVA programmers is getting bigger. We attach importance to provide support for the boys of Don Bosco Pugad; whom SPIJ donated a Japanese language class in 2004. The teacher was a University of the Philippines (UP) lecturer and the class was held for 2.5 hours on five days a week. The textbooks were general training book for beginners. After eight months training, though the students’ daily life was very hard to study because they have to continue their daily jobs like baker and factory worker, 12 students completed the classes and two boys passed the official Japanese language test. We provided continuous Japanese language and IT training for these students. We also contacted Don Bosco Tondo, another Don Bosco institution, and Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) for cooperation. Depends on our fundraising situation, we can open IT and Japanese classes for these institutions in 2005. After the trainings, EDSA supports the students’ job THE EMPOWERING THE POOR AND VULNERABLE 305 hunting. If the students pass the PhilNITS certified test, they will be able to work for Japanese companies in Manila. Also, Japanese visa system accommodates PhilNITS holders; students can get working visas easily even if they do not have baccalaureate degrees. This is a special exception of Japanese visa regulation because, usually, high school graduates can not get working visas as engineers. Even if our students cannot get PhilNITS certification, they can get jobs as assistant programmers in Manila. If they have Japanese language skills, Japanese companies including SPIJ will provide employment opportunity to our students in both countries. SPIJ supports my project and the company president offered me his Manila resources, including workers and their office. SPIJ also supports job-hunting and getting visas for our students through their business networks. The president and some of his workers are EDSA members. Sometimes, the non-commercial character of EDSA conflicts with SPIJ profitability. They also have the limit of time and finances because they do business. For example, our first local activity in 2005 was a study tour project. There was a conflict of opinions—we always talk about balancing non-profit and profit for businesses. That is a difficult issue. This sort of new challenge is unacceptable and confusing for ordinary people in non-profit organizations in Japan. The difficulty of fundraising is the main reason of delay in opening classes. Still, it is an exciting experience for us to introduce social entrepreneurship to NGO activity. It is an issue if we do not access SPIJ’s resources in the foreseeable future. We may have to adjust the details during implementation. Besides the management system, EDSA has another issue. We have arranged resources to provide class teaching but not arranged for business manner study. Generally, street children spend over half of their life in the streets without adults. They have particular customs and problems arise with regard business lifestyle, manners and money. For example, the ex-street boys I interviewed at Don Bosco Pugad told me of their annoyance about the sense of privacy in the resident’s life. They live in one big room with 30-40 boys. Each boy has one bed and one small shelf. I feel that they do not have privacy. Contrary to my expectation, the exstreet boys felt they have more privacy since they live in the streets with about 10-20 boys. They equally split their daily earnings from street work like car cleaning or scavenging. The street boys were always with other members of the same group to live with. Thus, they do not have the sense of privacy and sometimes lost the sense of family. In my opinion, they grew up in Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
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of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
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Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
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and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
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Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
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Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
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Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
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REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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type 2 infection in the Philippines
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DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
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even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
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The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
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Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
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E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Page 283 and 284: RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Page 295 and 296: comprehensive ones to short-term po
Page 297 and 298: FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
Page 299 and 300: politicians made the first moves, a
Page 301 and 302: Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Page 308 and 309: 280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
Page 310 and 311: 282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
Page 312 and 313: Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
Page 314 and 315: 286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
Page 316 and 317: 288 SESSION IV During the introduct
Page 318 and 319: 290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
Page 320 and 321: 292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
Page 322 and 323: 294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
Page 324 and 325: 296 SESSION IV should understand th
Page 326 and 327: 298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
Page 328 and 329: 300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
Page 330 and 331: 302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
Page 334 and 335: 306 SESSION V a primitive community
Page 336 and 337: 308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
Page 338 and 339: 310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
Page 340 and 341: 312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
Page 342 and 343: 314 SESSION V Local administrations
Page 344 and 345: 316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
Page 346 and 347: 318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
Page 348 and 349: 320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
Page 350 and 351: 322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
Page 352 and 353: 324 SESSION V no common activities
Page 354 and 355: 326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
Page 356 and 357: 328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
Page 358 and 359: 330 SESSION V is still a question w
Page 360 and 361: 332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
Page 362 and 363: 334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
Page 364 and 365: 336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
Page 366 and 367: 338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
Page 368 and 369: 340 SESSION V while at the same tim
Page 370 and 371: 342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
Page 372 and 373: 344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
Page 374 and 375: 346 SESSION V on education is more
Page 376 and 377: 348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
Page 378 and 379: 350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
Page 380 and 381: 352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
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424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
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426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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