Reflections on the Human Condition - Api-fellowships.org

Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of Filipino respondents.
BMI (kg/m 2 ) Frequency Percentage Cumulative %
40 8 15.1 100.0
Total 53 100.0
Table 30: Anthropometric indicators for Thai respondents.
Table 31: Body mass index (BMI) of Thai respondents.
ORWELL 97 Results
N Mean ± S.D. Median Maximum
Weight (kg) 196 75.63 ± 13.48 75.0 125.0
BMI (kg/m 2 ) 194 29.68 ± 4.54 29.0 49.1
Waist Circumference (cm) 195 91.495 ± 14.19 92.40 133.0
Waist-to-hip Ratio, WHR 192 0.89 ± 0.09 0.90 1.10
BMI (kg/m 2 ) Frequency Percentage Cumulative %
40 5 2.6 100.0
Total 194 100.0
A self-reported measure of obesity–related quality of life
questionnaire (ORWELL 97) was administered to the
respondents to assess whether their weight affect their
quality of life. (Manucci et al., 1999) ORWELL 97
consisted of an 18 item questions and for each item the
respondent scored on a 4-point Likert scale the
occurrence and severity of the symptom (occurrence)
and the subjective relevance of the symptom-related
impairment in the respondent’s own life (relevance).
The score of the item is calculated as the product of
occurrence and relevance. The total ORWELL 97 score is
obtained as the sum of the scores of individual items.
Higher ORWELL 97 scores mean a lower quality of life.
The results of ORWELL 97 scores for the entire data are
shown in Table 32, with the mean total score of 53.3 ±
34.7. The mean ORWELL 97-O (occurrence) is 27.9 ±
17.1, and the mean ORWELL 97-R (relevance) is 25.4
± 17.6. ORWELL 97 scores for Indonesia, Philippines,
and Thailand are 57.7 ± 37.6 (Table 33), 52.6 ± 33.0
(Table 33), and 51.0 ± 32.1 (Table 33), respectively. In
terms of quality of life among respondents, respondents
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in Thailand have a better quality of life than in the
Philippines and Indonesia.
Analysis of total ORWELL 97 scores based on sex, show
that the total scores for males is 51.7 ± 32.6 (Table 34)
and for females is 54.3 ± 35.5 (Table 34). These results
indicated that the impact of obesity on quality of life is
worse in females than in males.
Table 32: ORWELL 97 total score for all respondents.
Questionnaires R+O R O
1. 3.38 ± 2.06 1.98 ± 1.03 1.40 ± 1.03
2. 2.53 ± 1.99 1.63 ± 1.07 0.90 ± 0.92
3. 2.22 ± 1.95 1.13 ± 1.02 1.09 ± 0.93
4. 3.32 ± 1.83 1.49 ± 0.94 1.83 ± 0.89
5. 3.11± 2.05 1.42 ± 1.01 1.69 ± 1.04
6. 3.89 ± 1.90 1.82 ± 0.97 2.07 ± 0.93
7. 4.11 ± 1.71 2.60 ± 0.74 1.51 ± 0.97
8. 3.82 ± 1.78 2.55 ± 0.76 1.27 ± 1.02
9. 2.94 ± 1.87 1.99 ± 0.93 0.95 ± 0.94
10. 2.45 ± 1.98 1.10 ± 0.95 1.35 ± 1.03
11. 2.80 ± 2.15 1.27 ± 1.04 1.53 ± 1.11
12. 2.44 ± 1.95 1.14 ± 1.00 1.30 ± 0.94
13. 2.72 ± 1.90 1.29 ± 0.92 1.43 ± 0.98
14. 2.79 ± 1.89 1.51 ± 0.93 1.28 ± 0.97
15. 2.41 ± 1.81 1.29 ± 0.91 1.12 ± 0.91
16. 2.30 ± 1.86 1.10 ± 0.93 1.20 ± 0.94
17. 2.86 ± 1.96 1.13 ± 0.92 1.73 ± 1.04
18. 3.25 ± 2.08 1.51 ± 1.05 1.74 ± 1.03
Total 53.34 ± 34.70 27.95 ± 17.11 25.39 ± 17.59
Table 33: ORWELL 97 total scores among
different nationality.
Nationality R+O R O
Indonesian 57.71 ± 37.60 30.31 ± 18.07 27.4 ± 19.53
Filipino 52.61± 32.99 28.35 ± 16.13 24.26 ± 16.85
Thai 50.98 ± 32.14 26.45 ± 16.06 24.53 ± 10.08
Table 34: ORWELL 97 total scores by sex.
Sex R+O R O
Male 51.72 ± 32.58 27.61 ± 15.98 24.11 ± 16.62
Female 54.27 ± 35.54 28.11 ± 17.62 26.16 ± 17.92
Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
Focus group discussions were conducted to solicit more
Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity
The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows