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56 SESSION I strengthened state control over the forest regions. It is, therefore, the establishment of forest and land legislation based on Western concepts of state and private control either ignored and displaced, or gave little recognition to the customary rights of the indigenous communities on forest lands and access to forest resources. Control of forest lands use and access to forest resources became much more than a state ideology and legal configuration of the state in controlling and managing forest resources. The study also shows that forestry policy and management in the three Southeast Asian countries namely Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines were the subject to the influence of political and commercial interests of the states. In addition, particularly in Thailand and the Philippines, the forestry policy and development was also the subject to the involvement of military power in securing the enforcement of those policy and legislation. Those dimension of the subjects clearly expressed within the substances of laws and legislation as well as forestry institutions that established by the governments to support the development of community forestry in the regions. In this sense, in comparing those three Southeast Asian countries, the study shows that the Philippines may be the state that possesses a much more progress in formulating and enacted community-oriented laws and legislations. The recognition and protection rights of the indigenous people, forest-dependent communities, and forestdwellers over forest lands and access to forest resources were secured by the Certificate of Ancestral Land Claims (CALC) under the 1997 Indigenous People Rights Act. In relation to legal instruments and institutions building in recognizing and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples in the respective country, the Government of Thailand promoted the Community Forest Act and provided the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC); the Government of Malaysia employed the 1974 Aboriginal People Act and Department of Orang Asli Affairs (JEOA), Department of Aboriginal People Affairs under Department of Home Affairs; and the Philippines implemented the 1997 Indigenous People Rights Act and the National Commission for Indigenous People (NCIP). Hence, it can simply be concluded that the way to the recognition, respect, and enactment of indigenous rights within policy and legislation of the state can be achieved through a long path and continued struggling of the indigenous people supported by academics, and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in the region; as well as foreign foundations and institutions in accordance Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows with the increasingly issues of democratization, human rights, environment and natural resources conservation, and social justice movements throughout the world. It should be confirmed that this study was a legal research; and the normative study of law in particular. Therefore, the focus of the research was in the level of normative study of state policy and legislation which formulates and regulates indigenous people rights within community forestry development in the selected Southeast Asian countries. This kind of legal research has not yet answered the research question on how the implementation of the community forestry policies and legislations, responses and reactions of indigenous people against forestry laws and legislations enforced by the governments. Hence, in order to find the answer of such question, as well as to obtain better understanding with regard to the implementation and enforcement of the forestry laws and regulations, it is strongly recommended to sustain the research focusing on the empirical study of law on indigenous rights and its capacity within community forestry development. REFERENCES Asian Development Bank, 1999. Policy on Indigenous Peoples, Manila: Asian Development Bank. Attanatho, Weera, 1993. Drafting A New Community Forest Act in Thailand. In Jeffreson Fox (ed.), Legal Frameworks for Forest Management in Asia, Case Studies of Community/State Relations. Honolulu: East-West Centre Program on Environment, pp. 97-104. Bacalla, Domingo T., 1993, Policy Changes and Upland Management in the Philippines. In Katherine Warner and Henry Wood (eds.), Policy and Legislation in Community Forestry, Bangkok: RECOFTC, pp. 69- 80. Bodley, John H. 1990. Victims of Progress. California: Mayfield Publishing Company. Burgin, Reiner, 2000. ‘Hilltribes’ and Forests: Minority Policies and Resources Conflicts in Thailand, Freiburg: SEFUT Working Paper No. 7, Working Group Socio-Economics of Forest Use in the Tropics and Subtropics. Chamruspanth, Viyouth, 1993. Legal Issues in Forest Land Management in Northeast Thailand. In Jefferson Fox (ed.), Legal Frameworks for Forest Management in Asia, Case Studies of Community/State Relations. Honolulu: East-West Centre Program on Environment, pp. 89-96. Contreras, Antono P., 2003. The Kingdom and the Republic, Forest Governance and Political Transformation
in Thailand and the Philippines. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press. Dentan, Robert Knox, Kirk Endicott, Alberto G. Gomes and M.B. Hooker, 1997. Malaysia and The Original People, A Case Study of the Impact of Development on Indigenous Peoples. Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon A Viacom Company. Enters, Thomas., Patrick B. Durst and Michael Victor, 2000. Decentralization and Devolution of Forest Management in Asia and the Pacific. FAO and RECOFTC No. 18. FAO, 1978. Reappraisal of Forestry Education and Training needs in the Asia/Far East Region. FAO Advisory Committee on Forestry Education. Ninth Session, Jakarta, Indonesia. FAO, n.d., Forestry Policies of Selected Countries in Asia and the Pacific, FAO Forestry Paper 115. Fox, Jefferson (ed.), 1993. Legal Frameworks for Forest Management in Asia, Case Studies of Community/Satet Relation. Honolulu: Occasional Paper No. 16 East- West Centre Program on Environment. Fui, Lim Hin, 1997. Orang Asli, Forest and Development. Malaysia: Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malayan Forest Records No. 43. Fui, Lim Hin and M. Parid Mamat, 2003. Forest Legislation and Local Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products in Peninsular Malaysia. In Lim Hin Fui, Norini H. and W.C. Woon (eds), Challenges Facing Forestry and Fores-Based Industries in the New Millennium, Kuala Lumpur: FRIM, pp. 127-136. Ganjanapan, Anan, 2000. Local Control of Land and Forest: Cultural Dimensions of Resources Management in Northern Thailand. Chiang Mai: Regional Centre for Social Sciences and Sustainable Development (RCSD), Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University. Gibbs, Christopher, Edwin Payuan, and Romulo del Castillo, 1990. The Growth of the Philippine Social Forestry. In Mark Poffenberger (ed.), Keepers of the Forest, Land Management Alternatives in Southeast Asia, Manila: Ateneo de Manila University, pp. 253-265. Hafner, James A. 1990. Forces and Policy Issues Affecting Forest Use in Northeast Thailand 1900-1985. In Mark Poffenberger (ed.), Keepers of the Forest, Land Management Alternatives in Southeast Asia, Manila: Ateneo de Manila University, pp. 69-94. Hirsch, Philip (ed.), 1997. Seeing Forest For Trees. Environment and Environmentalism in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Book. HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONFLICT Hooker, M.B. 1996. The Orang Asli and the Law’s of Malaysia: With Special Reference to Land. In Akademika, Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 55: pp. 21-50. Hurst, Philip, 1990. Rainforest Politics, Ecological Destruction in Southeast Asia. London: Zed Books. Ismail, Shaharuddin M., 1993. Community Forestry Development in Malaysia with Special Reference to Policy and Legislation. In Katherie Warner and Henry Wood (eds.), Policy and Legislation in Community Forestry, Bangkok: RECOFT, pp. 179-180. Jomo, K.S., Chang Y.T., and Khoo K.J., 2004. Deforesting Malaysia, The Political Economy and Social Ecology of Agriculture Expansion and Commercial Logging. London & New York: Zed Books & United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Lakanavichian, Sureeratna, 2001. Forest Policy and History in Thailand. Denmark: Working Paper No. 9 Research Centre on Forest and People in Thailand. Laungaramsri, Pinkaew and Noel Rajesh (eds.), 1992. The Future of People and Forests in Thailand After The Logging Ban. Bangkok: Paap Pim Printing. Laungaramsri, Pinkaew, 2001. Redefining Nature, Karen Ecological Knowledge and the Challenge to Modern Conservation Paradigm. Chennai: Earthworm Books. Lynch, Owen J. and Kirk Talbott, 1995. Balancing Acts: Community-Based Forest Management and National Law in Asia and the Pacific. World Resources Institute. McKinnon, John and Bernard Vienne, 1989. Hill Tribes Today, Problems in Change. Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd. Nicholas, Collin, 2000. The Orang Asli and The Contest For Resources, Indigenous Politics, Development and Identity in Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Vinlin Press Sdn. Bhd. Peluso, Nancy Lee, 1992. Rich Forest, Poor People, Resorce Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley: University of California Press. Poffenberger, Mark, 1990. Keepers of The Forest, Land Management Alternatives in Southeast Asia. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press. Poffenberger, Mark (ed.), 1999. Communities and Forest Management in Southeast Asia. The Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management. Pragtong, Kamon and David E. Thomas, 1990. Evolving Management System in Thailand. In Mark Poffenberger (ed.), Keepers of The Forest, Land and Management Alternatives in Southeast Asia, Manila: Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows 57
Page 1 and 2:
Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
Page 33 and 34: I have arrived at this point in my
Page 35 and 36: REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
Page 37 and 38: PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
Page 39 and 40: co-location of art around the world
Page 41 and 42: arts and design and were not formal
Page 43 and 44: and cultural value can heighten the
Page 45 and 46: y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
Page 47 and 48: in the gentrified district of Thong
Page 49 and 50: Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
Page 51 and 52: HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
Page 53 and 54: in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
Page 55 and 56: In her article, “The Politics of
Page 57 and 58: legend is unlikely to achieve simil
Page 59 and 60: KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
Page 61 and 62: French, British or Dutch, is less m
Page 63 and 64: More recently, a new interest in lo
Page 65 and 66: Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
Page 69 and 70: of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
Page 71 and 72: forestry departments and other tech
Page 73 and 74: Although most Southeast Asian gover
Page 75 and 76: of cultivated area, and population
Page 77 and 78: the drought. Since the early 1990s,
Page 79 and 80: In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
Page 81 and 82: Affairs under the Ministry of Home
Page 83: Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
Page 89 and 90: that joined the conflict; and (ii)
Page 91 and 92: level of 1%. In addition, since the
Page 93 and 94: participation in collective action,
Page 95 and 96: Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
Page 97 and 98: trol by Suharto. The approximately
Page 99 and 100: unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
Page 101 and 102: Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
Page 103 and 104: who refuse to acknowledge the exist
Page 105 and 106: For the most part, respondents demo
Page 107 and 108: Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
Page 109 and 110: ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
Page 111 and 112: spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
Page 113 and 114: But underlying all his views—KH G
Page 115 and 116: women demand for divorce, they woul
Page 117 and 118: father tried to convince her to rev
Page 119 and 120: Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
Page 121 and 122: cultural particularity cannot provi
Page 123 and 124: strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
Page 125 and 126: destined to build a civilisation of
Page 127 and 128: of capitalism has led to an increas
Page 129 and 130: Because living away from home and i
Page 131 and 132: leads them to concede that they may
Page 133 and 134: In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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Page 149 and 150:
ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
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Page 185 and 186:
Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
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and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
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Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
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Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
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Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
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REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
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the detailed characterization on th
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type 2 infection in the Philippines
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DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
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even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
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CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
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The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
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Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
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E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
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RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
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Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
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280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
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Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
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286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
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296 SESSION IV should understand th
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298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
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300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
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302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
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306 SESSION V a primitive community
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308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
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310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
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312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
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314 SESSION V Local administrations
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316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
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318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
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320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
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322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
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324 SESSION V no common activities
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326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
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328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
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330 SESSION V is still a question w
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332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
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334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
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336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
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338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
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340 SESSION V while at the same tim
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342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
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344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
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346 SESSION V on education is more
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348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
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350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
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352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
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424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
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426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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