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6 SESSION I had well developed shoulders and upper bodies from rowing or paddling their boats and were narrow and little muscled from the waist down. Water, both oceans and rivers, were their highways. The land-moving people had well developed legs and hips and lightly developed upper bodies. For them, the rivers and oceans tended to be barriers. My interest has been primarily in the water people. The people of Southeast Asia living along rivers, the coasts and on the islands were primarily water people. There were two different kinds of earthenware pottery used by most people in Southeast Asia. The ordinary and most common pottery is for everyday use in eating, cooking and storage of liquids and dry food. This has little if any decoration and simple, rather standardized forms. The best method for studying them is mineralogical to identify their temper, if any, combined with chemical analysis of their clay to identify its source. This requires a trained specialist with expensive scientific equipment. The second kind was ceremonial and much less common. It was usually decorated and had a greater variety of shapes. Of most importance to the archaeologist is the pottery associated with burials which often is decorated or the forms made for display. These are also used for special occasions such as ceremonies connected with special food for weddings, betrothals, birthdays, etc. These decorations and forms are traditional and passed on from mothers to daughters or from older potters to related young girls. The elements and variety of decorations were used not only on pottery but also on cloth, including bark cloth, basketry, mats, tattooing, body painting, architecture in wood, wood carving, etc. Almost all of these materials are organic and do not last long in an archaeological site unless they are under water. Previous to the invention and use of metal, pottery was virtually the only material that would last for a long time in an archaeological site and therefore the only reliable source of information on the art of the people. Sculpture in stone was rare. Thus, earthenware pottery which is usually common at virtually all archaeological sites of the last several thousand years is of major importance for comparing archaeological sites. This is where my specialty on earthenware pottery comes in. I, and others, have traced back the different kinds of pottery made and used by the people using Gua Sirih for burials and at times for living. The different patterns and methods of surface treatment are not invented at each new site; they are patterns and methods that have been passed on for many generations, with some changes and additions over time and space. The decorations, Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows forms and methods of surface decoration recovered from Gua Sirih have been recovered from sites scattered all over Island Southeast Asia, to India and Madagascar off the west coast of South Africa, to Korea, Japan, and the Pacific, as well as in the mainland portions of Southeast Asia. Many of the patterns on pottery from Gua Sirih and many other sites in Southeast Asia from the last several thousand years are still being used on cloth and other organic materials today. I have written many articles on the relationships of these decorations over the last 50 years (see References for a very small listing of these as well as by other authors. The best source for this information will be my book (NDa) due to come out on the 18 th of March 2006). With that I stop here adding only that the origin for all the elements of pottery presented here as found at Gua Sirih is southern and central Viet Nam. This coastal portion and small offshore islands of present day Viet Nam was occupied by the Cham (a largely maritime oriented people) until the Vietnamese took over about a thousand years go. The exact routes between Vietnam and Gua Sirih can not be determined as there were many of them, some possibly direct but others by way of one or more other island sites in eastern Island Southeast Asia brought through the agency of the NMTCN. The Bau-Malay pottery that was commonly made by Moslem Malays soon after Islam as a religion arrived in Southeast Asia already had a long existence before any of the potters became Moslem and many non-Moslem peoples have continued until the resent days to make the carved-paddle pottery. As I see it, the ancestry of the so-called Malay peoples, both Moslem and non-Moslem are directly involved with the Cham. POST-SCRIPT Is there any relevance of this beyond the origin of the people who had used Gua Sirih? Yes, there is. All of the many different ethnic groups of Southeast Asia in all of the countries of Southeast Asia are closely related. The widespread sailing of the NMTCN moved and scattered Southeast Asian genes and elements of culture throughout Island, coastal Mainland, and up the major rivers of Southeast Asia. This mixing held in common by all Southeast Asians going back about 12,000 years, extended throughout the Pacific, north along the coast of China to Korea and Japan, west to India and on to Madagascar off the cost of southeastern Africa. The Nusantao, ancestors of the people of Gua Sirih, were the greatest mariners the world has even known.
REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985. Prehistory of the Indo-Malayan Archipelago. Sydney: Academic Press. Bellwood, Peter S. 1997. Prehistory of the Indo-Malayan Archipelago. Revised Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Chen, Omar. 2003. Ancient Singapore earthenware pottery. In Early Singapore 1300-1819:55-72. John N. Miksic and Cheryl-Ann Low Mei Gek (editors). Singapore: Singapore History Museum. Datan, Ipoi. 1993. Archaeological Excavations at Gua Sireh (Serian) and Lubang Angin (Gunung Mulu National Park), Sarawak, Malaysia. In Sarawak Museum Journal 45 (66) Special Monograph No. 6. Datan, Ipoi and Peter Bellwood. 1991. Recent research at Gua Sireh (Serian) and Lubang Angin (Gunung Mulu National Park), Sarawak. In Indo-Pacific Prehistory 1990 Volume 1, Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 10: 386-405. Fox, Robert B. 1970. The Tabon Caves. Monograph of the National Museum No. 1. Manila: National Museum. Ha Van Tan. 1984-1985. Prehistoric pottery in Viet Nam and its relationships with Southeast Asia. In Asian Perspectives 26(1):135-146. (Published 1988) Harrisson, Barbara. 1959. British Borneo. In Asian Perspectives 3 (1): 41-46. Harrisson, Barbara. 1960. British Borneo. In Asian Perspectives 4:79-84. MacNeish, Richard S., Geoffrey Cunnar, Zhijun Zhao and Jane G. Libby. 1997. Re-Revised Second Annual Report of the Sino-American Jiangxi (PRC) Origin of Rice Project SAJOR. Andover, MASS.: Andover Foundation for Archaeological Research, Ltd. Meacham, William. 1974. Double F: A re-interpretation. In Journal of the Hong Kong Archaeological Society 5: 74- 81. Meacham, William. 1980. Archeology in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Heinemann Educational Books. Meacham, William. 1994. Archaeological Discovery at Chek Lap Kok. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Archaeological Society. HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONFLICT Ray, H. P. 1996. The emergence of urban centres in Bengal: implications for the late prehistory of Southeast Asia. In Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Chiang Mai Papers Vol. 3. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 16:43-48. Shih, Hsio-yen. 1974. The archaeology of the Yangtze Valley. In Journal of the Hong Kong Archaeological Society 5: 82-84. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1952a. Oceanian pottery manufacture. In Journal of East Asiatic Studies (Manila) 1 (2): 1-40. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1952b. Paddle decoration of pottery. In Journal of East Asiatic Studies 2 (1): 35-46. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1957. The Kalanay Pottery Complex in the Philippines. In Artibus Asiae 20 (4): 279-288. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1959a. Two major problems in Bornean (and Asian) ethnology and archaeology. In Sarawak Museum Journal 9(13-14:N.S.): 1-5. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1959b. Sa-huynh related pottery in Southeast Asia. In Asian Perspectives 3(2):177- 188. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1961. Archaeology in Borneo. In Archaeology 14 (1): 23-30. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1964a. The Archaeology of Central Philippines: A Study Chiefly of the Iron Age and its Relationships. Monographs of the National Institute of Science and Technology # 10. Manila: Bureau of Printing. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1964b. Further relationships of the Sa-Huynh-Kalanay Pottery Tradition. In Asian Perspectives 8 (1): 196-211. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1967. Two pottery traditions of late prehistoric times in South-East Asia. In Historical, Archaeological and Linguistic Studies on Southern China, South-East Asia and the Hong Kong Region: 15-22, F. S. Drake (editor). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1973-1974. Borneo archaeology, past and future. In Sabah Society Journal 5(1):27-37. Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1975. The Nusantao and Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows 7
Page 1 and 2: Reflections on the
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
Page 5 and 6: ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
Page 7 and 8: THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
Page 9 and 10: University of the Philippines in th
Page 11 and 12: about social change. For example, S
Page 13 and 14: wars—the First World War and the
Page 15 and 16: It will not be easy but I believe t
Page 17 and 18: Before I conclude, allow me to offe
Page 19 and 20: highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
Page 23 and 24: API Fellowships Program that the 4
Page 25 and 26: in Indonesia and their engagement w
Page 27 and 28: countries as a way of seeking empow
Page 29 and 30: HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
Page 31 and 32: problem developing with the relatio
Page 33: I have arrived at this point in my
Page 37 and 38: PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
Page 39 and 40: co-location of art around the world
Page 41 and 42: arts and design and were not formal
Page 43 and 44: and cultural value can heighten the
Page 45 and 46: y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
Page 47 and 48: in the gentrified district of Thong
Page 49 and 50: Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
Page 53 and 54: in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
Page 55 and 56: In her article, “The Politics of
Page 57 and 58: legend is unlikely to achieve simil
Page 59 and 60: KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
Page 61 and 62: French, British or Dutch, is less m
Page 63 and 64: More recently, a new interest in lo
Page 65 and 66: Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
Page 69 and 70: of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
Page 71 and 72: forestry departments and other tech
Page 73 and 74: Although most Southeast Asian gover
Page 75 and 76: of cultivated area, and population
Page 77 and 78: the drought. Since the early 1990s,
Page 79 and 80: In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
Page 81 and 82: Affairs under the Ministry of Home
Page 83 and 84: Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
Page 85 and 86:
in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
Page 87 and 88:
HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
Page 89 and 90:
that joined the conflict; and (ii)
Page 91 and 92:
level of 1%. In addition, since the
Page 93 and 94:
participation in collective action,
Page 95 and 96:
Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
Page 103 and 104:
who refuse to acknowledge the exist
Page 105 and 106:
For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
Page 127 and 128:
of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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Page 139 and 140:
almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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Page 149 and 150:
ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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structural foundations to play thei
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Asian animation companies bid fierc
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Filipino parents, newspaper columni
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digital content creation to find cl
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containing advice and insights on f
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devoted his time to produce the fir
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Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 5: Cartoon’s
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mind. GDH shared its production pro
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interesting to note that the audien
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an impression of what their works w
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y passion which was in fashion at t
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movies and other special effects fi
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Otaku culture is just like any othe
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Akihabara Tokyo’s Electric Town,
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ands emerged slowly, and fans of th
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Apparently, these Otaku subgroups c
Page 187 and 188:
and Practice (6:1), (27-37). Schodt
Page 189 and 190:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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great divide between availability a
Page 193 and 194:
Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
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collected using a questionnaire, in
Page 197 and 198:
Table 10: Self Report on Health (N=
Page 199 and 200:
Table 29: Body mass index (BMI) of
Page 201 and 202:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Tabl
Page 203 and 204:
REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
Page 205 and 206:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH TEAM
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noted for HBs antigen (HBsAg) among
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given to the clients confidentially
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GBV- 84 4 8 4 0. 4 9 7 8 9 9 8 7 2
Page 213 and 214:
the detailed characterization on th
Page 215 and 216:
type 2 infection in the Philippines
Page 217 and 218:
DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
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integrated circuits, industrial rob
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that JP’s privatized banking divi
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limited scope for private healthcar
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instances where such individuals ha
Page 227 and 228:
even as public finances improved fo
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The United States could easily desi
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take shape so that they are in line
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Bank itself may be subject to force
Page 235 and 236:
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
Page 237 and 238:
The indexers extracted the importan
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wound healing from generation to ge
Page 241 and 242:
Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
Page 243 and 244:
E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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com/cybernews/sehat/kapsul/kapsul-s
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government long maintained an inter
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oei. First, beginning with Cambodia
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
Page 255 and 256:
Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
Page 259 and 260:
These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
Page 279 and 280:
13 At these years, the world econom
Page 281 and 282:
Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
Page 283 and 284:
RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
Page 301 and 302:
Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
Page 308 and 309:
280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
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Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
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286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
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296 SESSION IV should understand th
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298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
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300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
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302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
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306 SESSION V a primitive community
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308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
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310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
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312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
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314 SESSION V Local administrations
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316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
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318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
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320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
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322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
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324 SESSION V no common activities
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326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
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328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
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330 SESSION V is still a question w
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332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
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334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
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336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
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338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
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340 SESSION V while at the same tim
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342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
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344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
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346 SESSION V on education is more
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348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
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350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
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352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
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424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
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426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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